更新时间:2022-09-16 23:41:02
安装Oracle客户端挺费时间的,而且大部分功能都用不到,Oracle官方给出了简易客户端,直接解压就可以使用,下载地址:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/linuxx86-64soft-092277.html
下面来看安装步骤:
1、下载安装包,我这里把所有的都下载下来了
instantclient-basic-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
instantclient-basiclite-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
instantclient-jdbc-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
instantclient-odbc-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0-2.zip
instantclient-sdk-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
instantclient-tools-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
2、unzip解压
解压出来一个目录instantclient_12_2
3、配置环境变量
export ORACLE_HOME=/home/tst1/instantclient_12_2
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME:$PATH
4、配置tns
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[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ mkdir -p network /admin
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cd network /admin/
[tst1@rhel7 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
ora11g = (DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.22)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = ora11g)
)
)
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5、测试sqlplus,成功
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[tst1@rhel7 admin]$ sqlplus zx /zx @ora11g
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Nov 16 12:48:33 2017 Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> |
6、安装sqlldr,我安装的这个版本的简易客户端中有sqlldr,如果没有的话需要从其他客户端或服务端中拷贝,但是我测试执行sqlldr报错:
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[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ sqlldr Message 2100 not found; No message file for product=RDBMS, facility=ULMessage 2100 not found; No message file for product=RDBMS, facility=UL[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$
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因为缺少mesg文件,从服务端把rdbms/mesg下的文件全部拷贝
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[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ mkdir -p rdbms /mesg
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/product/12 .2 /db_home1/rdbms/mesg/ * rdbms /mesg/
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再次执行sqlldr成功
7、安装oerr,简易客户端中没有oerr命令,需要从服务端拷贝
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[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/product/12 .2 /db_home1/bin/oerr ./
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ oerr /home/tst1/instantclient_12_2/oerr : line 29: /home/tst1/instantclient_12_2/perl/bin/perl : No such file or directory
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执行报错,说明缺少文件,从服务端拷贝
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[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp -r /u01/app/oracle/product/12 .2 /db_home1/perl/ * ./
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp -r /u01/app/oracle/product/12 .2 /db_home1/perl/ * . /perl/
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ oerr ora 1 Can't open perl script "/home/tst1/instantclient_12_2/bin/oerr.pl" : (null)
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ mkdir bin
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ scp /u01/app/oracle/product/12 .2 /db_home1/bin/oerr .pl . /bin/
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ oerr ora 1 Could not open facilities list file : /home/tst1/instantclient_12_2/lib/facility .lis
2 [tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ mkdir lib
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/product/12 .2 /db_home1/lib/facility .lis . /lib/
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ oerr ora 1 00001, 00000, "unique constraint (%s.%s) violated"
// *Cause: An UPDATE or INSERT statement attempted to insert a duplicate key.
// For Trusted Oracle configured in DBMS MAC mode, you may see
// this message if a duplicate entry exists at a different level.
// *Action: Either remove the unique restriction or do not insert the key.
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注意:oerr也使用到了rdbms/mesg目录下的文件,只不过第6步把整个目录都拷贝过来了,这里就省事了。
8、安装tnsping,简易安装包里也没有这个工具,需要从服务端拷贝
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[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/product/12 .2 /db_home1/bin/tnsping ./
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ tnsping TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-NOV-2017 13:09:12
Copyright (c) 1997, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved. TNS-03502: Message 3502 not found; No message file for product=network, facility=TNS
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执行报错,因为缺少mesg文件
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[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp -r /u01/app/oracle/product/12 .2 /db_home1/network/mesg/ . /network/
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ tnsping 192.168.56.22:1521 /ora11g
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-NOV-2017 13:11:04
Copyright (c) 1997, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved. Used parameter files: Used HOSTNAME adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION=(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=ora11g))(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.56.22)(PORT=1521))) OK (10 msec) |
安装成功。
9、安装exp、imp、expdp、impdp,安装包中没有,直接从服务端拷贝
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[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/product/12 .2 /db_home1/bin/imp ./
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/product/12 .2 /db_home1/bin/exp ./
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/product/12 .2 /db_home1/bin/impdp ./
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/product/12 .2 /db_home1/bin/expdp ./
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imp和exp测试没有问题,但expdp和impdp报错:
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[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ expdp Segmentation fault [tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ impdp Segmentation fault |
查询MOS找到解决方法,在环境变量中添加export NLS_LANG=American_America.ZHS16GBK
问题解决。
至此,简单客户端安装完成,可以把整个目录打个包,给其他机器安装时直接解压,配置环境变量就可以使用了。比安装客户端方便的多。
备注:
如果在使用某个工具报缺少库文件时可以使用ldd命令查看该命令缺少哪个库文件,如下所示:
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[root@host77 instantclient_11_2] # ldd sqlldr
linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007fffe63fe000)
libclntsh.so.11.1 => not found
libnnz11.so => not found
libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread .so.0 (0x00007f014b85c000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl .so.2 (0x00007f014b658000)
libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm .so.6 (0x00007f014b355000)
libnsl.so.1 => /lib64/libnsl .so.1 (0x00007f014b13c000)
libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc .so.6 (0x00007f014ad7b000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64 .so.2 (0x00007f014ba8b000)
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从上面的输出可以看出缺少libclntsh.so.11.1和libnnz11.so这两个文件,从服务端拷贝即可。
参考:http://hanqunfeng.iteye.com/blog/1955277