以下是使用dplyr的方法.

inner_join(X[,1:3],Y, by=c("Tab.No"))%>%
mutate(AC.Name = ifelse(Survey.Date>=Survey.Start.Date & Survey.Date<=Survey.End.Date, AC.Name ,NA),
Mandal.Name = ifelse(Survey.Date>=Survey.Start.Date & Survey.Date<=Survey.End.Date, Mandal.Name ,NA),
Village.Name = ifelse(Survey.Date>=Survey.Start.Date & Survey.Date<=Survey.End.Date, Village.Name ,NA))%>%
group_by(Tab.No)%>%
filter(!is.na(AC.Name)|n()==1)%>%
select(Response.No,Tab.No,Survey.Date,AC.Name,Mandal.Name,Village.Name)

结果

   Response.No Tab.No Survey.Date   AC.Name   Mandal.Name Village.Name
         (int)  (int)      (date)     (chr)         (chr)        (chr)
1         9530      1  2015-05-26 Nandigama Chanderlapadu   Punnavalli
2         6702      1  2015-05-30 Nandigama Chanderlapadu   Kasarabada
3        26744      1  2015-05-31 Nandigama Chanderlapadu   Kasarabada
4         8925      1  2015-06-03 Nandigama Chanderlapadu   Kasarabada
5        20242      1  2015-06-04 Nandigama Chanderlapadu   Kasarabada
6        21316      1  2015-06-04 Nandigama Chanderlapadu   Kasarabada
7        28056      1  2015-06-04 Nandigama Chanderlapadu   Kasarabada
8        12661      1  2015-06-05 Nandigama Chanderlapadu   Kasarabada
9        17187      1  2015-06-05 Nandigama Chanderlapadu   Kasarabada
10       28795      1  2015-06-05 Nandigama Chanderlapadu   Kasarabada

数据

X<-read.table(text="     Response.No Tab.No Survey.Date AC.Name Mandal.Name Village.Name
9530      1  2015-05-26      NA          NA           NA
6702      1  2015-05-30      NA          NA           NA
26744      1  2015-05-31      NA          NA           NA
8925      1  2015-06-03      NA          NA           NA
20242      1  2015-06-04      NA          NA           NA
21316      1  2015-06-04      NA          NA           NA
28056      1  2015-06-04      NA          NA           NA
12661      1  2015-06-05      NA          NA           NA
17187      1  2015-06-05      NA          NA           NA
28795      1  2015-06-05      NA          NA           NA
", header=T,stringsAsFactors =F)

Y<-read.table(text="AC.Name   Mandal.Name      Village.Name Tab.No Survey.Start.Date Survey.End.Date
Nandigama Chanderlapadu        Punnavalli      1        2015-05-23      2015-05-27
Nandigama Chanderlapadu        Kasarabada      1        2015-05-30      2015-06-07
Nandigama Chanderlapadu     Kodavatikallu      1        2015-06-09      2015-06-28
Nandigama Chanderlapadu        Thurlapadu      1        2015-06-29      2015-07-13
Nandigama Chanderlapadu     Chanderlapadu      1        2015-07-14      2015-07-25
Nandigama Chanderlapadu            Popuru      2        2015-05-23      2015-05-27
Nandigama Chanderlapadu        Kandrapadu      2        2015-05-30      2015-06-08
Nandigama Chanderlapadu Vibhareethalapadu      3        2015-05-30      2015-06-04
Nandigama Chanderlapadu             Eturu      3        2015-06-10      2015-06-23
Nandigama Chanderlapadu      Bobbillapadu      3        2015-06-26      2015-07-03
", header=T,stringsAsFactors =F)

X$Survey.Date <-as.Date(X$Survey.Date)
Y$Survey.Start.Date <-as.Date(Y$Survey.Start.Date)
Y$Survey.End.Date <-as.Date(Y$Survey.End.Date)