您可以使用 CELLFUN :

b = cellfun(@(x)[10 x],a,'UniformOutput',0)

要回答@tmpearce评论，我使用了一个简单的脚本来衡量运行时间:

To answer @tmpearce comment I used a simple script to measure running time:

a = {[1 2 3]; [4 5]; [6 7 8 9]};
tic
a = cellfun(@(x)[10 x],a,'UniformOutput',0)
toc
a = {[1 2 3]; [4 5]; [6 7 8 9]}; 
tic
for ii=1:numel(a)
    a{ii} = [10 a{ii}];
end
toc

结果:

Elapsed time is 0.002622 seconds.
Elapsed time is 0.000034 seconds.