您可以使用 color.id code> plotrix 包*：

You may use the convenience function color.id from the plotrix package*:

给出指定为十六进制字符串的颜色，找到最接近的颜色

Given a color specified as a hex string, find the closest match in the table of known (named) colors.

library(plotrix)
sapply(rainbow(4), color.id)
# $`#FF0000FF`
# [1] "red"  "red1"
# 
# $`#80FF00FF`
# [1] "chartreuse"  "chartreuse1"
# 
# $`#00FFFFFF`
# [1] "cyan"  "cyan1"
# 
# $`#8000FFFF`
# [1] "purple"

*在此归功于Jim Lemon及其答案：将颜色十六进制代码转换为颜色名称。