mcgrailm 和 James Bedford 的答案组合奏效.我将编辑方案..."的菜单单击循环，直到编辑方案表变得存在.我还必须在单击Run without building"之前激活应用程序.

A combination of mcgrailm and James Bedford's answers worked. I put the menu click for "Edit Schemes…" in a loop until the edit scheme sheet becomes existent. I also had to activate the application just before I clicked "Run without building".

代码:

tell application id "com.apple.dt.Xcode"
    activate
end tell
tell application "System Events"
    tell process "Xcode"
            repeat until sheet 1 of window 2 exists
                    click menu item "Edit Scheme…" of menu "Product" of menu bar item "Product" of menu bar 1
                    tell application "Xcode"
                            activate
                            beep
                    end tell
            end repeat
            tell sheet 1 of window 2
                    set destination to pop up button 2 of group 1
                    click destination
                    set target to "iPad 4.3 Simulator"
                    click menu item target of destination's menu 1
                    set buildConfig to pop up button 3 of group 2
                    click buildConfig
                    click menu item "Debug" of menu 1 of buildConfig
                    click button "OK"
            end tell
            tell application "Xcode"
                    activate
                    beep
            end tell
            tell application id "com.apple.dt.Xcode"
                    activate
            end tell
            click menu item "Run Without Building" of menu 1 of menu item "Perform Action" of menu "Product" of menu bar item "Product" of menu bar 1
    end tell
end tell