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选择具有特定范围的唯一随机数

更新时间:2023-02-05 17:58:49

您正在有效地寻找整数的随机排列从 0 n-1

You're effectively looking for a random permutation of the integers from 0 to n-1.

你可以将 0 中的数字放入 n-1 ArrayList ,然后调用 Collections.shuffle() , n逐个从列表中获取数字:

You could put the numbers from 0 to n-1 into an ArrayList, then call Collections.shuffle() on that list, and then fetch the numbers from the list one by one:

    final int n = 4;
    final ArrayList<Integer> arr = new ArrayList<Integer>(n); 
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        arr.add(i);
    }
    Collections.shuffle(arr);
    for (Integer val : arr) {
        System.out.println(val);
    }

Collectons.shuffle()保证所有排列都以相同的可能性发生。

Collectons.shuffle() guarantees that all permutations occur with equal likelihood.

如果您愿意,可以将其封装到 Iterable

If you wish, you could encapsulate this into an Iterable:

    public class ChooseUnique implements Iterable<Integer> {

        private final ArrayList<Integer> arr;

        public ChooseUnique(int n) {
            arr = new ArrayList<Integer>(n);
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                arr.add(i);
            }
            Collections.shuffle(arr);
        }

        public Iterator iterator() {
            return arr.iterator();
        }
    }

当你迭代这个类的一个实例时,它产生随机排列:

When you iterate over an instance of this class, it produces a random permutation:

    ChooseUnique ch = new ChooseUnique(4);
    for (int val : ch) {
        System.out.println(val);
    }

在一次特定的运行中,打印出 1 0 2 3

On one particular run, this printed out 1 0 2 3.