嵌套类型是你正在寻找的，不要担心性能过高。

Nested type is what you are looking for, and don't worry too much about performance.

在索引文档之前，您需要设置文档的映射：

Before indexing your documents, you need to set the mapping for your documents:

curl -XDELETE localhost:9200/index
curl -XPUT localhost:9200/index
curl -XPUT localhost:9200/index/type/_mapping -d '{
    "type": {
        "properties": {
            "field_x": {
                "type": "nested",
                "include_in_parent": false,
                "include_in_root": false,
                "properties": {
                    "user": {
                        "type": "string"
                    },
                    "field_x": {
                        "type": "string",
                        "index" : "not_analyzed" // NOTE*
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}'

如果这只是你的例子，并且在你真实的文件中，你正在搜索正确的单词，删除这一行，并弹性搜索分析该领域。

然后，索引您的文档：

curl -XPUT http://localhost:9200/index/type/1 -d '
{ 
    "field_a": "foo",
    "field_b": "bar",
    "field_x" : [{
        "user" : "1",
        "field_x" : "A"
    },
    {
        "user" : "2",
        "field_x" : "B"
    }]
}'

并运行您的查询：

curl -XGET localhost:9200/index/type/_search -d '{ 
    "query": {
        "nested" : {
            "path" : "field_x",
            "score_mode" : "avg",
            "query" : {
                "bool" : {
                    "must" : [
                        {
                            "term": {
                                "field_x.user": "1"
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "term": {
                                "field_x.field_x": "A"
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                }
            }
        }
    }
}';

这将导致

{"took":13,"timed_out":false,"_shards":{"total":5,"successful":5,"failed":0},"hits":{"total":1,"max_score":1.987628,"hits":[{"_index":"index","_type":"type","_id":"1","_score":1.987628, "_source" : 
{ 
    "field_a": "foo",
    "field_b": "bar",
    "field_x" : [{
        "user" : "1",
        "field_x" : "A"
    },
    {
        "user" : "2",
        "field_x" : "B"
    }]
}}]}}

但是，查询

curl -XGET localhost:9200/index/type/_search -d '{ 
    "query": {
        "nested" : {
            "path" : "field_x",
            "score_mode" : "avg",
            "query" : {
                "bool" : {
                    "must" : [
                        {
                            "term": {
                                "field_x.user": "1"
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "term": {
                                "field_x.field_x": "B"
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                }
            }
        }
    }
}';

不会返回任何结果

{"took":6,"timed_out":false,"_shards":{"total":5,"successful":5,"failed":0},"hits":{"total":0,"max_score":null,"hits":[]}}