您必须按 拆分所有子列表中的元素，然后才能使用

you have to split all by , al the elements from your sublists than you can use the solution you already have found:

st = [{i for e in l for i in e.split(',') } for l in list1]
[l for l, s in zip(list1, st) if not any(s < other for other in st)]

输出:

[['A,B,C,D', 'Y', 'hello'],
 ['A,B,C', 'Z', 'hello'],
 ['H,I,J,K,L', 'Z', 'hello'],
 ['A,D,C,B', 'Z', 'hi']]