将URL用引号引起来:

Put the URL in quotes:

ffmpeg -i "https://mediasite-ondemand.maastrichtuniversity.nl/MediasiteDeliver/ondemand/MP4Video/90e0ea3d-4087-4a3d-8a78-7acf7906c4cb.mp4?playbackTicket=fb14f2f3baf84412bc6463d4e312ec27&site=mediasite.maastrichtuniversity.nl" -t 00:25:00 output.wav