我目前的解决方案是将自定义反序列化器和手动形成的类型名称映射组合到Java类型中：

My current solution involves a combination of a custom deserializer and a manually formed map of type names to Java types:

package com.example.jackson;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonTypeInfo;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonTypeName;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.ObjectCodec;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationContext;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.deser.std.StdDeserializer;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.module.SimpleModule;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Optional;

public class JacksonDeserializerOfNamedTypes extends StdDeserializer<Object> {
    private final Map<String, Class<?>> typesByName;
    private final String typeProperty;

    private JacksonDeserializerOfNamedTypes(final Map<String, Class<?>> typesByName, final String typeProperty) {
        super(Object.class);

        this.typesByName = typesByName;
        this.typeProperty = typeProperty;
    }

    @Override
    public Object deserialize(final JsonParser parser, final DeserializationContext context) throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {
        final ObjectCodec codec = parser.getCodec();
        final JsonNode root = parser.readValueAsTree();
        final JsonNode typeNameNodeOrNull = root.get(typeProperty);
        if (typeNameNodeOrNull == null) {
            throw new JsonMappingException(parser, "Unable to determine Java type of JSON: " + root);
        } else {
            final String typeName = typeNameNodeOrNull.asText();
            return Optional
                .ofNullable(typesByName.get(typeName))
                .map(type -> parseOrNull(root, type, codec))
                .orElseThrow(() ->
                    new JsonMappingException(parser, String.format(
                        "Unsupported type name '%s' in JSON: %s", typeName, root)));
        }
    }

    private <T> T parseOrNull(final JsonNode root, final Class<T> type, final ObjectCodec codec) {
        try {
            return root.traverse(codec).readValueAs(type);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        final Map<String, Class<?>> typesByName = scanForNamedTypes();

        final SimpleModule namedTypesModule = new SimpleModule("my-named-types-module");
        namedTypesModule.addDeserializer(Object.class, new JacksonDeserializerOfNamedTypes(typesByName, JsonTypeInfo.Id.NAME.getDefaultPropertyName()));

        final Car pinto = new Car("Ford", "Pinto", 1971);
        final Balloon sharik = new Balloon("blue");
        final ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper().registerModule(namedTypesModule);
        System.out.println(mapper.readValue(mapper.writeValueAsString(pinto), Object.class).getClass());
        System.out.println(mapper.readValue(mapper.writeValueAsString(sharik), Object.class).getClass());
    }

    @JsonTypeName("Balloon")
    @JsonTypeInfo(use = JsonTypeInfo.Id.NAME)
    public static final class Balloon {
        public String color;

        private Balloon() {}

        public Balloon(final String color) {
            this.color = color;
        }
    }

    @JsonTypeName("Car")
    @JsonTypeInfo(use = JsonTypeInfo.Id.NAME)
    public static final class Car {
        public String make;
        public String model;
        public int year;

        private Car() {}

        public Car(final String make, final String model, final int year) {
            this.make = make;
            this.model = model;
            this.year = year;
        }
    }

    static Map<String, Class<?>> scanForNamedTypes() {
        //in reality, i'd be using a framework (e.g. Reflections) to scan the classpath
        //for classes tagged with @JsonTypeName to avoid maintaining manual mappings
        final Map<String, Class<?>> typesByName = new HashMap<>();
        typesByName.put("Balloon", Balloon.class);
        typesByName.put("Car", Car.class);
        return Collections.unmodifiableMap(typesByName);
    }
}