希望我可以对其他答案进行一些额外的澄清，因为它们确实没有解释正在发生的事情，这不会帮助您解决困惑.

Hopefully I can add some additional clarity over the other answers as they really don't explain what's going on which isn't going to help your confusion.

首先，根据您已经完成的事情实现您的自定义提供程序，所以我只会抛出一个小代码片段，这里不会详细介绍:

First up, implement your custom provider which from the sound of things you've done already, so I'll just throw up a little code snippet and won't go into any further detail here:

using System.Web.Security;

public class MyCustomMembershipProvider : MembershipProvider
{
    public override bool ValidateUser(string username, string password)
    {
        if (username.Equals("BenAlabaster") && password.Equals("Elephant"))
            return true;

        return false;
    }

    /* Override all the other methods required to extend MembershipProvider */        
}

然后在 web.config 中配置提供程序，确保填充配置基本 MembershipProvider 的属性:

Then you configure your provider in your web.config making sure to populate the attributes that configure the base MembershipProvider:

<membership defaultProvider="MyCustomMembershipProvider">      
    <providers>        
        <clear />        
        <add name="MyCustomMembershipProvider" 
             type="MyNamespace.MyCustomMembershipProvider" 
             enablePasswordRetrieval="false"
             enablePasswordReset="true"          
             requiresQuestionAndAnswer="false"          
             requiresUniqueEmail="true"           
             passwordFormat="Hashed"           
             maxInvalidPasswordAttempts="10"           
             minRequiredPasswordLength="6"           
             minRequiredNonalphanumericCharacters="0"           
             passwordAttemptWindow="10"           
             passwordStrengthRegularExpression=""           
             applicationName="/" />      
    </providers>     
</membership>

接下来，我认为您想多了，即与您的 Web 应用程序的实际搭配.而在 WebForms 应用程序中，您必须自己编写其余的代码 - MVC 框架为您完成剩下的工作 - 您需要做的就是将 [Authorize] 属性添加到您的操作方法中，框架将检查您是否'已登录，如果未登录，则将您重定向到登录页面.登录页面将找到您的自定义提供程序，因为这是在 web.config 中配置的内容，并将登录您的用户.您可以通过引用 User 对象从控制器访问有关登录用户的信息:

The next bit I think you're overthinking, the actual tie-in to your web application. Whereas in a WebForms app you kind of have to code the rest for yourself - the MVC framework does the rest for you - all you need to do is add the [Authorize] attribute to your action method and the framework will check to see if you're logged in, and if not redirect you to the login page. The login page will find your custom provider because that's what's configured in the web.config and will log your user in. You can access information about the logged in user from your controllers by referencing the User object:

public class WhateverController : Controller
{
    [Authorize]
    public ActionResult WhateverAction()
    {
        ViewData["LoggedInAs"] = string.Format("You are logged in as {0}.", User.Identity.Name);
        Return View();
    }
}

所以这个动作需要用户登录并将用户信息呈现给Whatever/WhateverAction.aspx 视图以显示在页面上.

So this action requires that the user is logged in and presents the user information to the Whatever/WhateverAction.aspx view to be displayed on the page.