在基地R你可以做到以下几点：

  plot（Value〜Month，type =n）
 rect（df $ Month-0.5，min（df $ Value），df $ Month $ value = Month，data = df，type ='l'，col =orange，lwd = 2）+0.5，max（df $ Value），col = df $ Season，lty = 0） 
 

为可怕的底色配色方案道歉，我会在这里说明：

要在 ggplot2 中执行相同操作，您可以执行以下操作：

  ggplot（df，aes（Month，Value，Season））+ 
 geom_rect（aes（NULL，NULL，
 xmin = Month-0.5，xmax = Month + 0.5，
 ymin = min（Value），ymax = max（Value），
 fill = Season 
））+ 
 geom_line（）
 

产生以下结果：

Lets say I have some time series data that looks like this:

df <- data.frame(Month=seq(1,12),
                 Value = rnorm(12,0,1),
                 Season = c('Winter', 'Winter', 'Spring',
                            'Spring', 'Spring', 'Summer',
                            'Summer', 'Summer', 'Fall',
                            'Fall', 'Fall', 'Winter'))

I want to plot Value over time and show how it relates to Season. Plotting Value is easy, something like:

ggplot(data, aes(Month, Value)) + geom_line()

in ggplot or in base graphics:

plot(Value~Month, data=df, type='l')

What I'd like to do is compellingly overlay a factor. I would like to change the background color according to which month is on the x-axis. So, in my example, the left 1/6th would be, say white for winter, then the next third moving right would be yellow for spring, then the next third red for summer, etc, until rightmost 1/12th would be white again.

These seems like it should be something simple and easy for time series data, but I can't find any help on how to do this, in any graphics package. Any suggestions or insight would be appreciated!

In base R you can do the following:

plot(Value~Month, type="n")
rect(df$Month-0.5, min(df$Value), df$Month+0.5, max(df$Value), col=df$Season, lty=0)
lines(Value~Month, data=df, type='l', col="orange", lwd=2)

And apologizing for the horrific base color schemes I'll put this here to illustrate:

And to do the same in ggplot2 you can do the following:

ggplot(df, aes(Month, Value, Season)) + 
  geom_rect(aes(NULL, NULL, 
    xmin=Month-0.5, xmax=Month+0.5, 
    ymin=min(Value), ymax=max(Value), 
    fill=Season
  )) + 
  geom_line()

Yielding the following: