可以将 XML 拆分为一个表变量，单独替换每个节点，然后再次合并.

You can split the XML to a table variable, replace each node separately and then combine them again.

declare @xml xml = 
'<a abb="122">
  <b></b>
 </a>
 <a abb="344">
  <b></b>
 </a>'

declare @T table (XMLCol xml)
insert into @T
select
  a.query('.')
from @xml.nodes('a') a(a)

update @T set
  XMLCol.modify('replace value of (/a/@abb)[1] with 888')

set @xml = (select XMLCol as [*]
            from @T
            for xml path(''))