看看类SqlException 的文档，尤其是在其属性： SqlException.Number ，例如，应该允许您识别发生哪种类型的SqlException（唯一约束，外键等）。

Have a look at the documentation of the SqlException class, in particular, at its properties: SqlException.Number, for example, should allow you to identify which type of SqlException (unique constraint, foreign key, ...) occurred.

您可以使用过滤的异常来捕获特定错误。 VB.NET：

You can use filtered exceptions to catch specific errors. VB.NET:

Try
    ...
Catch ex as SqlException When ex.Number = ...
    ...
Catch ex as SqlException When ex.Number = ...
    ...
End Try

C＃（版本6及更高版本）：

C# (Version 6 and above):

try
{
    ...
}
catch (SqlException ex) when (ex.Number == ...)
{
    ...
}
catch (SqlException ex) when (ex.Number == ...)
{
    ...
}