您也许可以这样做:

d = {
    "Fruit_1" : ["mango", "apple"],
    "Fruit_2" : ["apple"],
    "Fruit_3" : ["mango", "banana", "apple", "kiwi", "orange"]
}

# list comprehension
mango_keys = [fruit for fruit in d.keys() if "mango" in d[fruit]]
print(mango_keys)       


# ['Fruit_1', 'Fruit_3']         


# or more traditional for-loop (but non pythonic)

for fruit in d.keys():
    if "mango" in d[fruit]:
        print(fruit)