假设 ROW 是一个正整数，则可以使用(演示)

Assuming ROW is a positive integer then you can use (demo)

WITH T1 AS
(
SELECT *, 
       MIN(CASE WHEN F4 <> 0 THEN CONCAT(FORMAT([ROW],'D10'),[F4]) END) 
         OVER (ORDER BY [ROW] ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS M
FROM temp

)
SELECT *, 
       CAST(SUBSTRING(M,11,11) AS INT) AS val
FROM T1
ORDER BY [ROW]

如果要更新 F4 ，可以使用

WITH T1 AS
(
SELECT *, 
      MIN(CASE WHEN F4 <> 0 THEN CONCAT(FORMAT([ROW],'D10'),[F4]) END) 
           OVER (ORDER BY [ROW] ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS M
FROM temp

)
UPDATE T1
SET F4 = COALESCE(SUBSTRING(M,11,11),0);