javax.validation.constraints 将验证器留给实现。 Hibernate为这些约束提供验证器，并在引导时注册它们。

The javax.validation.constraints leaves the validators to the implementation. Hibernate provides validators to these constraints, and registers them when bootstrapping.

您可以通过XML设置验证器，而无需使用 @Constraint（validatedBy = {}）。但是，这通常用于添加/替换您自己提供的验证器。我不确定它会如何帮助您，因为您仍然需要引用约束验证器。

You can set the validators via XML without using @Constraint(validatedBy = { }). However, this is usually used to add to/replace the provided validators with your own. I'm not sure how it will help you since you still need to reference the constraint validator.

使用XML约束定义的示例：

Example of using XML constraint definition:

<constraint-definition annotation="org.mycompany.CheckCase">
    <validated-by include-existing-validators="false">
        <value>org.mycompany.CheckCaseValidator</value>
    </validated-by>
</constraint-definition>

请参阅：通过XML配置

即将推出的5.2版本提供其他方式，例如使用服务加载程序或实现 ConstraintDefinitionContributor 。请参阅：提供约束定义

The upcoming 5.2 release provides more ways such as using a service loader or implementing ConstraintDefinitionContributor. See: Providing constraint definitions