我在此页的 BaseSerializer部分中，有一个示例显示ValidationError可以在初始化时采用字典参数。

I figured it out, on this page of the documentation in the "BaseSerializer" section, there's an example that shows ValidationError can take a dictionary argument upon initialization.

如果我 raise ValidationError（{'field_val1'：['此字段无效']}）得到我想要的JSON响应。

If I raise ValidationError({'field_val1': ['this field is not valid']}) I get the JSON response I want.