此答案指出正确的方向。以编程方式，必须将 SecurityConstraint 添加到 Builder 并设置 ConfidentialPortManager ：

This answer pointed in the right direction. Programmatically, one has to add a SecurityConstraint to Builder and set ConfidentialPortManager:

DeploymentInfo servletBuilder = Servlets.deployment();
servletBuilder.addSecurityConstraint(new SecurityConstraint()
  .addWebResourceCollection(new WebResourceCollection()
    .addUrlPattern("/*"))
  .setTransportGuaranteeType(TransportGuaranteeType.CONFIDENTIAL)
  .setEmptyRoleSemantic(EmptyRoleSemantic.PERMIT))
  .setConfidentialPortManager(new ConfidentialPortManager() {
    @Override
    public int getConfidentialPort(HttpServerExchange exchange) {
      return 443;
    }
  }
);