尝试使用 add_rownames

add_rownames(mtcars) %>% 
         gather(var, value, -rowname) %>% 
         spread(rowname, value) 

较新的版本， rownames_to_column 替换了 add_rownames

mtcars %>%
   rownames_to_column %>% 
   gather(var, value, -rowname) %>% 
   spread(rowname, value) 

在更新的版本中， pivot_wider 替换了点差：

In the even newer version, pivot_wider replaces spread:

mtcars %>%
   tibble::rownames_to_column() %>%  
   pivot_longer(-rowname) %>% 
   pivot_wider(names_from=rowname, values_from=value)