我自己的问题的解决方案: 似乎cc1plus虽然存在，但对gcc来说并不可见，因为它不在路径上.因此，一种解决方案是将cc1plus链接到PATH上的目录:

Solution to my own question: It seems that cc1plus, although present, is not visible to gcc as it is not on path. So a solution is to link cc1plus to a directory on PATH:

sudo ln -s /usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.4/cc1plus /usr/local/bin/

现在sudo pip install pandas成功.

(但是为什么包管理器首先将cc1plus放在那里?)

(But why the package manager put cc1plus there in the first place?)