要么

1. 通过 Graphics#drawImage(...) 以与您进行绘图相同的 paintComponent 方法显示图像.您可以在 super.paintComponent(g) 调用之后立即调用它.
2. 或者在显示图像的 JLabel 的 paintComponent(...) 方法中进行绘图.

1. Display the image in the same paintComponent method that you're doing your drawing in, via Graphics#drawImage(...). You would call this immediately after the super.paintComponent(g) call.
2. Or do your drawing in the paintComponent(...) method of your JLabel, the one displaying the image.

例如:

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.swing.*;

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class DrawingPanel extends JPanel {
   private final static String PATH = "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/"
         + "thumb/7/7c/Thomas_Hicks_-_Leopold_Grozelier_-_Presidential_Candidate_"
         + "Abraham_Lincoln_1860_-_cropped_to_lithographic_plate.jpg/"
         + "463px-Thomas_Hicks_-_Leopold_Grozelier_-_Presidential_Candidate_"
         + "Abraham_Lincoln_1860_-_cropped_to_lithographic_plate.jpg";
   private static final Color DRAWING_COLOR = new Color(255, 100, 200);
   private static final Color FINAL_DRAWING_COLOR = Color.red;

   private BufferedImage backgroundImg;
   private Point startPt = null;
   private Point endPt = null;
   private Point currentPt = null;
   private int prefW;
   private int prefH;

   public DrawingPanel() throws IOException {
      URL imgUrl = new URL(PATH);
      BufferedImage bImg = ImageIO.read(imgUrl);
      prefW = bImg.getWidth();
      prefH = bImg.getHeight();
      backgroundImg = new BufferedImage(prefW, prefH,
            BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
      Graphics g = backgroundImg.getGraphics();
      g.drawImage(bImg, 0, 0, this);
      g.dispose();

      MyMouseAdapter myMouseAdapter = new MyMouseAdapter();
      addMouseMotionListener(myMouseAdapter);
      addMouseListener(myMouseAdapter);
   }

   @Override
   protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
      super.paintComponent(g);
      if (backgroundImg != null) {
         g.drawImage(backgroundImg, 0, 0, this);
      }

      if (startPt != null && currentPt != null) {
         g.setColor(DRAWING_COLOR);
         int x = Math.min(startPt.x, currentPt.x);
         int y = Math.min(startPt.y, currentPt.y);
         int width = Math.abs(startPt.x - currentPt.x);
         int height = Math.abs(startPt.y - currentPt.y);
         g.drawRect(x, y, width, height);
      }
   }

   @Override
   public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
      return new Dimension(prefW, prefH);
   }

   public void drawToBackground() {
      Graphics g = backgroundImg.getGraphics();
      g.setColor(FINAL_DRAWING_COLOR);
      int x = Math.min(startPt.x, endPt.x);
      int y = Math.min(startPt.y, endPt.y);
      int width = Math.abs(startPt.x - endPt.x);
      int height = Math.abs(startPt.y - endPt.y);
      g.drawRect(x, y, width, height);
      g.dispose();

      startPt = null;
      repaint();
   }

   private class MyMouseAdapter extends MouseAdapter {
      @Override
      public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent mEvt) {
         currentPt = mEvt.getPoint();
         DrawingPanel.this.repaint();
      }

      @Override
      public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent mEvt) {
         endPt = mEvt.getPoint();
         currentPt = null;
         drawToBackground();
      }

      @Override
      public void mousePressed(MouseEvent mEvt) {
         startPt = mEvt.getPoint();
      }
   }

   private static void createAndShowGui() {
      DrawingPanel mainPanel = null;
      try {
         mainPanel = new DrawingPanel();
      } catch (IOException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
         System.exit(-1);
      }

      JFrame frame = new JFrame("Drawing Panel");
      frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
      frame.getContentPane().add(mainPanel);
      frame.pack();
      frame.setLocationByPlatform(true);
      frame.setVisible(true);
   }

   public static void main(String[] args) {
      SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
         public void run() {
            createAndShowGui();
         }
      });
   }
}