我认为最有效的是否存在"查询只是执行count:

I believe the most efficient "does it exist" query is just to do a count:

sqlq = "SELECT COUNT(1) FROM settings WHERE status = '1'"
xcnx.execute(sqlq)
if xcnx.fetchone()[0]:
    # exists

您不是要数据库对字段或行执行任何计数操作，而是要它返回1或0(如果结果产生任何匹配项).与返回实际记录并计算客户端数量相比，此方法效率更高，因为它可以节省双方的序列化和反序列化以及数据传输.

Instead of asking the database to perform any count operations on fields or rows, you are just asking it to return a 1 or 0 if the result produces any matches. This is much more efficient that returning actual records and counting the amount client side because it saves serialization and deserialization on both sides, and the data transfer.

In [22]: c.execute("select count(1) from settings where status = 1")
Out[22]: 1L  # rows

In [23]: c.fetchone()[0]
Out[23]: 1L  # count found a match

In [24]: c.execute("select count(1) from settings where status = 2")
Out[24]: 1L  # rows

In [25]: c.fetchone()[0]
Out[25]: 0L  # count did not find a match

count(*)将与count(1)相同.在您的情况下，因为要创建一个新表，它将显示1个结果.如果您有10,000个匹配项，那么它将是10000.但是您在测试中只关心它是否不为0，因此您可以执行bool真值测试.

count(*) is going to be the same as count(1). In your case because you are creating a new table, it is going to show 1 result. If you have 10,000 matches it would be 10000. But all you care about in your test is whether it is NOT 0, so you can perform a bool truth test.

更新

实际上，仅使用行计数甚至不获取结果都更快:

Actually, it is even faster to just use the rowcount, and not even fetch results:

In [15]: if c.execute("select (1) from settings where status = 1 limit 1"): 
            print True
True

In [16]: if c.execute("select (1) from settings where status = 10 limit 1"): 
            print True

In [17]: 

这也是django的ORM执行queryObject.exists()的方式.

This is also how django's ORM does a queryObject.exists().