在ruamel.yaml<=0.12.18中确实没有在键之前的行上插入注释的函数，但是在函数的开头有注释的功能.结构:.yaml_set_start_comment.这样，您就可以设置要添加的三个注释中的两个:

There is indeed not a function in ruamel.yaml<=0.12.18 to insert a comment on the line before a key, but there is a function to set a comment at beginning of a structure: .yaml_set_start_comment. With that you could already set two of the three comments you want to add:

import sys
import ruamel.yaml

yaml_str = """\
xyz:
  a: 1    # comment 1
  b: 2

test1:
  test2:
    test3: 3
"""

data = ruamel.yaml.round_trip_load(yaml_str)
data['test1'].yaml_set_start_comment('before test2', indent=2)
data['test1']['test2'].yaml_set_start_comment('after test2', indent=4)
ruamel.yaml.round_trip_dump(data, sys.stdout)

给予:

xyz:
  a: 1    # comment 1
  b: 2

test1:
  # before test2
  test2:
    # after test2
    test3: 3

在xyz和test1的值之间实际上有一个由空行构成的注释"，但是如果将注释附加到该结构，然后在test1之前插入一个新键，则不会根据需要显示.因此，要做的事情是在键test1之前显式插入注释.您可以往返加载您的预期输出，以查看内部Comment应该是什么样的:

There is actually a "comment" constituting of the empty line between the value for xyz and test1, but if you append your comment to that structure and then insert a new key before test1 things don't show up as you want. Therefore the thing to do is insert the comment explicitly before key test1. You can round-trip load your expected output to see what the internal Comment should look like:

yaml_str_out = """\
xyz:
  a: 1    # comment 1
  b: 2

# before test1 (top level)
test1:
  # before test2
  test2:
    # before test3
    test3: 3
"""
test = ruamel.yaml.round_trip_load(yaml_str_out)
print(test.ca)

给予(将其包装起来以便于观看)

gives (wrapped this for easier viewing):

Comment(comment=None,
        items={'test1': [None, 
                        [CommentToken(value='# before test1 (top level)\n')], 
                        None, 
                        [CommentToken(value='# before test2\n')]]})

如您所见，# before test2被视为键后的注释. 而做test['test1'].yaml_set_start_comment('xxxxx', indent=2)将 没有任何效果，因为与test1相关的注释会否决，并且# xxxxx将不会显示在转储中.

As you see # before test2 is considered to be a comment after the key. And doing test['test1'].yaml_set_start_comment('xxxxx', indent=2) will not have any effect as the comment associated with test1 overrules that and # xxxxx will not show up in a dump.

利用这些信息和一些背景知识，我改编了yaml_set_start_comment()中的一些代码(假定原始导入和yaml_str):

With that information and some background knowledge, I adapted some of the code from yaml_set_start_comment() (assuming the original imports and yaml_str):

def yscbak(self, key, before=None, indent=0, after=None, after_indent=None):
    """
    expects comment (before/after) to be without `#` and possible have multiple lines
    """
    from ruamel.yaml.error import Mark
    from ruamel.yaml.tokens import CommentToken

    def comment_token(s, mark):
        # handle empty lines as having no comment
        return CommentToken(('# ' if s else '') + s + '\n', mark, None)

    if after_indent is None:
        after_indent = indent + 2
    if before and before[-1] == '\n':
        before = before[:-1]  # strip final newline if there
    if after and after[-1] == '\n':
        after = after[:-1]  # strip final newline if there
    start_mark = Mark(None, None, None, indent, None, None)
    c = self.ca.items.setdefault(key, [None, [], None, None])
    if before:
        for com in before.split('\n'):
            c[1].append(comment_token(com, start_mark))
    if after:
        start_mark = Mark(None, None, None, after_indent, None, None)
        if c[3] is None:
            c[3] = []
        for com in after.split('\n'):
            c[3].append(comment_token(com, start_mark))

if not hasattr(ruamel.yaml.comments.CommentedMap, 
               'yaml_set_comment_before_after_key'):
    ruamel.yaml.comments.CommentedMap.yaml_set_comment_before_after_key = yscbak


data = ruamel.yaml.round_trip_load(yaml_str)
data.yaml_set_comment_before_after_key('test1', 'before test1 (top level)',
                                       after='before test2', after_indent=2)
data['test1']['test2'].yaml_set_start_comment('after test2', indent=4)
ruamel.yaml.round_trip_dump(data, sys.stdout)

并获得:

xyz:
  a: 1    # comment 1
  b: 2

# before test1 (top level)
test1:
  # before test2
  test2:
    # after test2
    test3: 3

使用hasattr进行的测试是确保将其添加到ruamel.yaml

The test with hasattr is to make sure you don't overwrite such a function when it gets added to ruamel.yaml

顺便说一句:所有评论都是YAML中的行尾评论，其中一些评论之前可能只有有效的YAML.

BTW: All comments are end-of-line comments in YAML, there might just be valid YAML before some of those comments.