这正是原型适合的地方:

That's just where prototypes fit in:

function AB()
{};//empty object
AB.prototype.function1 = function()
{
    var self = this;//doesn't have access to self, but `this` will point to either A or B
    //do stuff
};
var A = function()
{
    var self = this;//constructor
}
var B = function()
{
    var self = this;//constructor
}
A.prototype = new AB;
A.prototype.constructor = A;
B.prototype = new AB;
B.prototype.constructor = B;
//marginally shorter:
A.prototype = B.prototype = new AB;
A.prototype.constructor = A;
B.prototype.constructor = B;
//instances:
var foo = new A();
var bar = new B();
console.log(foo.function1 === bar.function1);//logs true

话虽如此，我个人更喜欢定期定义我的构造函数:

Having said that, personally, I prefer to define my constructors regularly:

function A()
{
    var self = this;
}
foo = new A();
console.log(Object.getPrototypeOf(foo).constructor.name);//logs A

而您的代码将匿名函数分配给变量，这意味着构造函数没有名称:

Whereas your code assigns an anonymous function to a variable, which means that the constructor doesn't have a name:

foo = new A();
console.log(Object.getPrototypeOf(foo).constructor.name);//logs ''

这没什么大不了的，但你知道......

It's not that big of a deal, but just so you know...

从全局(或任何其他)范围引用方法:

Reference a method from the global (or any other) scope:

var virtualNewFunction = new A();//create object
virtualNewFunction = virtualNewFunction.function1;//virtualNewFunction now references function1
virtualNewFunction();

闭包仍然可以访问(暴露)，但要非常小心this:

The closure will be accessible (exposed), still, but be very careful with this:

A = function()
{
    var self = this;
    this.function1 = function()
    {
        console.log(this);
        console.log(self);
    };
}
foo = new A();
foo.function1();//logs A twice
foo = foo.function1
foo();//logs this -> window! self => A

另一种可能性是借用"一个函数:

An other possibility is "borrowing" a function:

A = function()
{
    var self = this;
    this.function1 = function()
    {
        console.log(this);
        console.log(self);
    };
}
B = function()
{//no method
    var self = this;
}
foo = new A();
bar = new B();
foo.function1.apply(bar,[]);//call as though function1 was method of B

再次提醒:在这种情况下this记录B，但self仍然引用A！您可以构建某些安全网":

Again, be careful: in this case this logs B, but self still references A! You could build in certain "safety nets":

    this.function1 = function()
    {
        self = this !== window && this !== self ? this : self;//redefine self to current caller object, unless it's window 
        console.log(this);
        console.log(self);
    };

但老实说，你可能会做得很好阅读这个运算符来掌握所有这些引用技巧.一旦您掌握了基础知识， 并不难.还要检查 call 和 apply 方法以获取有关如何的更多详细信息分享/borrow" 方法

But honestly, you might do well reading up on the this operator to grasp all this referencing trickery. It's not that hard once you get the basics. Also check the call and apply methods for more details on how to "share/borrow" methods