这是另一种选择:

vec <- c( 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, 17 )
split(vec, cumsum(seq_along(vec) %in% (which(diff(vec)>1)+1)))
# $`0`
# [1] 1 2 3 4
# 
# $`1`
# [1]  7  8  9 10
# 
# $`2`
# [1] 15 16 17