SELECT 语句中不能使用 INSERT.您应该先插入，然后使用最后插入的 id:

You can't use INSERT in SELECT statement. You should first insert and then use last inserted id:

INSERT INTO ParentTable (Col1) VALUES( 'test');

INSERT INTO ChildTable (col1, col2, ParentId) 
    VALUES(1,2, (SELECT last_insert_rowid()));

由于您想插入许多带有父 ID 的记录，这里有一个解决方法:

Since you want to insert many records with parent ID, here is a workaround:

BEGIN TRANSACTION;
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE IF NOT EXISTS temp(id integer);
DELETE FROM temp;
INSERT INTO ParentTable (Col1) VALUES( 'test');
INSERT INTO temp SELECT last_insert_rowid();
INSERT INTO ChildTable (col1, col2, ParentId) 
    VALUES(1,2, (SELECT id FROM temp LIMIT 1));
.............
COMMIT;
DROP TABLE temp;

或者您可以为此创建一个永久表.

Or you can create a permanent table to this effect.