好吧，原来华为有一些省电功能，导致某些应用无法接收通知，所以与安卓版本无关.

Ok, turns out Huawei has some power-saving features which cause that some apps won't be able to receive notifications, so it's not related to the Android version.

我找不到以编程方式解决此问题的方法，但如果有人感兴趣，请转到设置/受保护的应用程序并选择您希望允许在后台运行的应用程序，以便他们接收通知.

I couldn't find a way to fix this programmatically, but if anyone's interested, go to Settings / Protected apps and select the apps you want to allow to be run on the background, so they receive notifications.

更多信息这里.