以R为基数的选项：

indx1 = with(rle(Test$Power>0),rep(values,lengths))
indx2 = with(rle(Test$Power>0),rep(cumsum(values),lengths))
Test$Effort[indx1] = paste0("Effort",indx2[indx1])
Test$Effort[!indx1]="Rest"

输出：

   Sample Power  Effort
1       1     0    Rest
2       2     0    Rest
3       3     0    Rest
4       4     0    Rest
5       5     0    Rest
6       6    50 Effort1
7       7    67 Effort1
8       8   100 Effort1
9       9    92 Effort1
10     10     0    Rest
11     11     0    Rest
12     12     0    Rest
13     13    36 Effort2
14     14    89 Effort2
15     15    36 Effort2
16     16     0    Rest
17     17     0    Rest
18     18     0    Rest
19     19    89 Effort3
20     20    90 Effort3

3000行约0.0038秒;）希望这会有所帮助！

About 0.0038 seconds for 3,000 rows ;) Hope this helps!