一种方法是使用 distinct ：

SELECT distinct "formulation_batch".* 
FROM "formulation_batch" 
INNER JOIN "formulation_batch_component" 
ON "formulation_batch"."id" = "formulation_batch_component"."formulationBatch_id" 
WHERE "formulation_batch"."project_id" = 1 
    AND (("formulation_batch_component"."component_id" = 2 
        OR "formulation_batch_component"."component_id" = 1 ))