根据我对以下问题的理解，查询应该对您有用.

According to my understanding of your problem below query should work for you.

UPDATE yourSchema.yourTable anAlias
SET Score = finalData.Score
FROM
  (SELECT Id,
          CASE
              WHEN Response LIKE '%Disagree%' THEN 1
              ELSE 0
          END AS score
   FROM yourSchema.yourTable) finalData
WHERE anAlias.Id = finalData.Id;