I got it:

git tag originalHead # just in case
git rebase -i <id of the parent of the commit that deleted the file>
# change pick to edit for that commit
git checkout <id of the previous commit> <filename> # thanks for reminding, kubi
git commit --amend
git rebase --continue
git tag -d originalHead

编辑不幸的是，这会将所有标签保留在旧时间轴上，请参阅这里

edit unfortunately this will leave all tags at the old timeline, see here