您必须订阅CellPaint事件。
为例：

You have to subscribe to the CellPaint event. As an example:

    private void tableLayoutPanel_CellPaint(object sender, TableLayoutCellPaintEventArgs e)
    {
        if (e.Row == 0 && e.Column == 1)
        {
            e.Graphics.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(Color.Black), e.CellBounds);
        }
    }