近期oracle数据库巡检中，广州汕头一RAC集群有告警日志显示RMAN自动备份控制文件失败，原因是控制文件自动备份打开并且备份目录在本地，涉及的备份目录只在节点2上有，而在节点1上没有，导致控制文件自动备份失败！
操作系统：RHEL6.7
数据库版本：11.2.0.4
告警日志信息：
节点1：
Fri Jan 06 20:04:06 2017
Control file backup creation failed:
failure to open backup target file /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/snapcf_orcl2.f.
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl1/trace/orcl1_ckpt_35202.trc:
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
[oracle@rac01 trace]$ more /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl1/trace/orcl1_ckpt_35202.trc
Trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl1/trace/orcl1_ckpt_35202.trc
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
System name: Linux
Node name: rac01
Release: 4.1.12-37.4.1.el6uek.x86_64
Version: #2 SMP Tue May 17 07:23:38 PDT 2016
Machine: x86_64
Instance name: orcl1
Redo thread mounted by this instance: 1
Oracle process number: 21
Unix process pid: 35202, image: oracle@rac01 (CKPT)
*** 2016-09-21 22:04:41.855
*** SESSION ID:(153.1) 2016-09-21 22:04:41.855
*** CLIENT ID:() 2016-09-21 22:04:41.855
*** SERVICE NAME:(SYS$BACKGROUND) 2016-09-21 22:04:41.855
*** MODULE NAME:() 2016-09-21 22:04:41.855
*** ACTION NAME:() 2016-09-21 22:04:41.855
Redo thread 2 internally enabled
Control file enqueue hold time tracking dump at time: 5304
节点2：
[oracle@rac02 trace]$
Fri Jan 06 20:04:06 2017
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl2/trace/orcl2_ora_63100.trc:
ORA-00245: control file backup failed; target is likely on a local file system
[oracle@rac02 trace]$ more /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl2/trace/orcl2_ora_63100.trc
Trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl2/trace/orcl2_ora_63100.trc
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
System name: Linux
Node name: rac02
Release: 4.1.12-37.4.1.el6uek.x86_64
Version: #2 SMP Tue May 17 07:23:38 PDT 2016
Machine: x86_64
Instance name: orcl2
Redo thread mounted by this instance: 2
Oracle process number: 67
Unix process pid: 63100, image: oracle@rac02 (TNS V1-V3)
*** 2017-01-06 20:04:06.406
*** SESSION ID:(288.7239) 2017-01-06 20:04:06.406
*** CLIENT ID:() 2017-01-06 20:04:06.406
*** SERVICE NAME:(SYS$USERS) 2017-01-06 20:04:06.406
*** MODULE NAME:(backup archivelog) 2017-01-06 20:04:06.406
*** ACTION NAME:(0000096 STARTED111) 2017-01-06 20:04:06.406
Starting control autobackup
ORA-00245: control file backup failed; target is likely on a local file system
Got error: 245
Autobackup failed with following error
ORA-00245: control file backup failed; target is likely on a local file system
查看集群控制文件位置（集群控制文件应该在共享存储，如果不在共享存储可能备份控制文件会失败）
[oracle@rac02 trace]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Jan 9 14:10:24 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select * from v$controlfile;
STATUS NAME IS_ BLOCK_SIZE FILE_SIZE_BLKS
------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- ---------- --------------
+DATA01/orcl/controlfile/current.260.923176917 NO 16384 3384
SQL> quit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@rac02 trace]$
在1节点尝试备份控制文件
[oracle@rac01 trace]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Jan 9 14:14:57 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1450957652)
RMAN> backup current controlfile;
Starting backup at 2017-01-09 14:15:12
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=462 instance=orcl1 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2017-01-09 14:15:14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2017-01-09 14:15:15
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/i5rpjijh_1_1 tag=TAG20170109T141513 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2017-01-09 14:15:15
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2017-01-09 14:15:15
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03009: failure of Control File and SPFILE Autobackup command on ORA_DISK_1 channel at 01/09/2017 14:15:16
ORA-19504: failed to create file "/u01/backup/data/c-1450957652-20170109-01"
ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 1
查看rman备份设置（看到的备份设置是备份集群控制文件到本地）
[oracle@rac02 trace]$ rman target /
RMAN> show all;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 7 DAYS;
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/u01/backup/data/%F';
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f'; # default
RMAN>
查看节点1的备份目录是否存在（果然，节点2存放的备份，备份目录一定存在，而节点1上没有创建备份目录）：
[oracle@rac01 ~]$ cd /u01/backup/data
-bash: cd: /u01/backup/data: No such file or directory
[oracle@rac01 ~]$
节点1上创建备份目录并赋予权限：
[root@rac01 u01]# mkdir -p backup/data
[root@rac01 u01]# ls -l
total 36
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root oinstall 4096 Sep 21 20:00 app
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan 9 14:18 backup
drwxrwxr-x 7 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 21 22:00 database
drwxrwxrwx 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 02:52 dump
drwxrwxr-x 7 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 27 2013 grid
drwxrwxr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 16384 Sep 21 18:53 lost+found
[root@rac01 u01]# chown -R oracle:oinstall backup
[root@rac01 u01]# chmod -R 777 backup
[root@rac01 u01]# ls -l
total 36
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root oinstall 4096 Sep 21 20:00 app
drwxrwxrwx 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Jan 9 14:18 backup
drwxrwxr-x 7 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 21 22:00 database
drwxrwxrwx 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 02:52 dump
drwxrwxr-x 7 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 27 2013 grid
drwxrwxr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 16384 Sep 21 18:53 lost+found
[root@rac01 u01]#
在1节点重新尝试备份控制文件（成功了）：
[oracle@rac01 trace]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Jan 9 14:22:50 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1450957652)
RMAN> backup current controlfile;
Starting backup at 2017-01-09 14:19:43
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2017-01-09 14:19:44
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2017-01-09 14:19:45
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/i7rpjirv_1_1 tag=TAG20170109T141943 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2017-01-09 14:19:45
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2017-01-09 14:19:45
piece handle=/u01/backup/data/c-1450957652-20170109-02 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2017-01-09 14:19:46
RMAN> list backup of controlfile;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1501 Full 52.95M DISK 00:00:01 2017-01-01 20:01:15
BP Key: 1501 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20170101T200114
Piece Name: /u01/backup/data/c-1450957652-20170101-00
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 143516927 Ckp time: 2017-01-01 20:01:14
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1506 Full 52.95M DISK 00:00:01 2017-01-02 20:01:11
BP Key: 1506 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20170102T200110
Piece Name: /u01/backup/data/c-1450957652-20170102-00
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 144147774 Ckp time: 2017-01-02 20:01:10
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1555 Full 52.95M DISK 00:00:00 2017-01-03 20:20:26
BP Key: 1555 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20170103T202026
Piece Name: /u01/backup/data/c-1450957652-20170103-00
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 155236810 Ckp time: 2017-01-03 20:20:26
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1566 Full 52.95M DISK 00:00:01 2017-01-05 20:03:16
BP Key: 1566 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20170105T200315
Piece Name: /u01/backup/data/c-1450957652-20170105-00
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 157603651 Ckp time: 2017-01-05 20:03:15
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1586 Full 52.95M DISK 00:00:01 2017-01-07 01:29:12
BP Key: 1586 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20170107T012911
Piece Name: /u01/backup/data/c-1450957652-20170107-00
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 161699766 Ckp time: 2017-01-07 01:29:11
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1591 Full 52.95M DISK 00:00:01 2017-01-07 20:01:11
BP Key: 1591 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20170107T200110
Piece Name: /u01/backup/data/c-1450957652-20170107-01
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 162284897 Ckp time: 2017-01-07 20:01:10
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1596 Full 52.95M DISK 00:00:01 2017-01-08 20:01:21
BP Key: 1596 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20170108T200120
Piece Name: /u01/backup/data/c-1450957652-20170108-00
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 162881404 Ckp time: 2017-01-08 20:01:20
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1597 Full 52.92M DISK 00:00:01 2017-01-09 10:52:12
BP Key: 1597 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20170109T105211
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/i3rpj6mr_1_1
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 163348183 Ckp time: 2017-01-09 10:52:11
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1598 Full 52.95M DISK 00:00:00 2017-01-09 10:52:13
BP Key: 1598 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20170109T105213
Piece Name: /u01/backup/data/c-1450957652-20170109-00
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 163348190 Ckp time: 2017-01-09 10:52:13
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1599 Full 52.92M DISK 00:00:01 2017-01-09 14:15:14
BP Key: 1599 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20170109T141513
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/i5rpjijh_1_1
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 163446650 Ckp time: 2017-01-09 14:15:13
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1600 Full 52.92M DISK 00:00:01 2017-01-09 14:19:44
BP Key: 1600 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20170109T141943
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/i7rpjirv_1_1
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 163447041 Ckp time: 2017-01-09 14:19:43
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1601 Full 52.95M DISK 00:00:00 2017-01-09 14:19:45
BP Key: 1601 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20170109T141945
Piece Name: /u01/backup/data/c-1450957652-20170109-02
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 163447048 Ckp time: 2017-01-09 14:19:45
RMAN> quit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@rac01 trace]$
