前面几篇已经介绍了Docker基础环境的部署,下面介绍下通过ssh方式登陆Docker容器的操作记录(其实不太建议直接用ssh去连接上容器的想法,虽然可以,但是有很多弊端,而且docker已经提供了容器内执行的命令,没有必要再折腾每一个容器为sshd服务器。具体参考:http://jpetazzo.github.io/2014/06/23/docker-ssh-considered-evil/)
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[root@localhost ~] # docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos7 7.3.1611 d5ebea14da54 2 weeks ago 311 MB <none> <none> d5c154b612c8 2 weeks ago 311 MB test latest ecefde07358f 11 weeks ago 599.6 MB
learn /ping latest fea07d84b0df 4 months ago 196.7 MB
docker.io /tomcat latest ebb17717bed4 4 months ago 355.4 MB
docker.io /centos latest 980e0e4c79ec 6 months ago 196.7 MB
nginx 1.9 c8c29d842c09 9 months ago 182.7 MB docker.io /redis 2.8.19 dd9fe7db5236 22 months ago 110.7 MB
[root@localhost ~] # docker run -i -t centos7:7.3.1611 /bin/bash
[root@a3c8baf6961e /] # cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core) [root@a3c8baf6961e /] # yum install wget vim
[root@a3c8baf6961e /] # wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
安装 ssh 服务端
[root@a3c8baf6961e /] # yum cleal all
[root@a3c8baf6961e /] # yum install passwd
[root@a3c8baf6961e /] # yum install openssh-server
修改容器密码(提前yum -y reinstall cracklib-dicts) [root@a3c8baf6961e /] # echo "123456" |passwd --stdin root
产生公私钥 [root@a3c8baf6961e /] # ssh-keygen -t rsa //一路回车
[root@a3c8baf6961e /] # cd ~/.ssh/
[root@a3c8baf6961e . ssh ] # ls
id_rsa id_rsa.pub [root@a3c8baf6961e . ssh ] # cp id_rsa.pub authorized_keys
[root@a3c8baf6961e . ssh ] # ls
authorized_keys id_rsa id_rsa.pub 执行sshd命令,有报错: [root@a3c8baf6961e . ssh ] # /usr/sbin/sshd
Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
解决办法: [root@a3c8baf6961e . ssh ] # ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key //均是一路回车
[root@a3c8baf6961e . ssh ] # ssh-keygen -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
[root@a3c8baf6961e . ssh ] # ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
[root@a3c8baf6961e . ssh ] # ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
再次执行sshd命令,如果没有报错,说明可以启动了 [root@a3c8baf6961e . ssh ] # /usr/sbin/sshd
[root@a3c8baf6961e . ssh ] #
-----------------------启动 ssh ,如果报错如下(这是centos7下的一个bug)-------------------------
[root@a3c8baf6961e . ssh ] # systemctl restart sshd.service
Failed to get D-Bus connection: Operation not permitted 这个报错在之前的文档里就已经提到过了 解决办法如下: 先把上面的容器关闭(docker stop container- id ),然后重新启动容器,启动时加上参数--privileged(特权参数,也可以是--privileged= true ,如果启动容器中挂载目录没有权限也可以添加此参数)和 /sbin/init (代替 /bin/bash ),如下:
[root@localhost ~] # docker run --privileged -i -t centos7:7.3.1611 /sbin/init
上面的容器启动后,会一直在卡着的状态中,先不用管,打开另一个终端窗口,查看容器 [root@localhost ~] # docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES af40bd07fa0f centos7:7.3.1611 "/sbin/init" 28 seconds ago Up 28 seconds nauseous_shirley
然后按照容器的ID进去,这个时候再根据 /bin/bash 进入容器(前面加 exec -it参数),接着重启 ssh 服务就ok了
[root@localhost ~] # docker exec -it af40bd07fa0f /bin/bash
[root@af40bd07fa0f /] # systemctl restart sshd.service
[root@af40bd07fa0f /] # echo "123456" |passwd --stdin root //注意这里由于上述特殊情况重新启动了容器,之前创建的root密码无效了(这就相当于重新另起了一个容器),需要重新修改下root密码!!可以随便创建个用户,然后切换到root,测试下之前创建的root密码是否还有效!
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 查看 ssh 端口,发现22端口已经开启
[root@af40bd07fa0f /] # ss -a|grep ssh
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *: ssh *:*
tcp LISTEN 0 128 ::: ssh :::*
[root@af40bd07fa0f /] # ss -ln|grep 22
u_dgr UNCONN 0 0 * 26884224 * 26885412 tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* tcp LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* |
然后docker ps查看下容器,提交更改为新镜像,运行新的镜像
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[root@localhost ~] # docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES af40bd07fa0f centos7:7.3.1611 "/sbin/init" 21 minutes ago Up 21 minutes nauseous_shirley
记住这个容器ID,然后关闭 [root@localhost ~] # docker stop af40bd07fa0f
af40bd07fa0f 接着提交改为新的镜像,使用上一步的容器ID,提交名为wangssh的镜像(提交成功后,之前创建的容器可以选择删除(docker ps -a 查看);当然不删除也不影响。建议不要删除,可以再次启用提交新的镜像以便他用。)
[root@localhost ~] # docker commit af40bd07fa0f wangssh
sha256:ca5e393b7605949e58c1067c1bc73d99d52f47107756f0ade1725ca04886fd71 [root@localhost ~] #
提交成功后,使用docker images可以查看到 [root@localhost ~] # docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE wangssh latest ca5e393b7605 57 seconds ago 327.1 MB centos7 7.3.1611 d5ebea14da54 2 weeks ago 311 MB 然后运行新的镜像 [root@localhost ~] # docker run -d -p 220:22 wangssh /usr/sbin/sshd -D
b0a845a3dedeac7b46002d1c8514077309d88dcc0667b7080bc1ab67d70eb167 docker: Error response from daemon: Cannot start container b0a845a3dedeac7b46002d1c8514077309d88dcc0667b7080bc1ab67d70eb167: [9] System error: SELinux policy denies access.. 如上出现上面的报错,这是由于selinux造成的!需要关闭selinux,如下: [root@localhost ~] # setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~] # getenforce
Permissive 然后再次运行新的镜像,就成功了! [root@localhost ~] # docker run -d -p 220:22 wangssh /usr/sbin/sshd -D
0a7c1406361ef52dcc5c32801e4c7c231078594cd7010375ea33fe3024cc9126 [root@localhost ~] #
上面运行命令中的参数解释: -d 后台运行容器 -p 容器端口映射到主机[可选] 使用docker ps 查看运行的容器
[root@localhost ~] # docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 0a7c1406361e wangssh "/usr/sbin/sshd -D" About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:220->22 /tcp focused_hawking
此时你可以直接连接容器,也可以通过端口映射连接容器(使用之前创建的容器密码123456登陆) [root@localhost ~] # ssh -p220 root@localhost
root@localhost's password: [root@0a7c1406361e ~] #
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如果要想做ssh无密码登陆的信任关系,只需要将物理机本地的~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub拷贝到容器里的~/.ssh/authorized_keys即可
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接着上面ID为aea267757cc9的容器登陆后的操作: [root@localhost ~] # docker exec -it aea267757cc9 /bin/bash
[root@aea267757cc9 /] # ssh-keygen -t rsa //一路回车
将物理机本地的~/. ssh /id_rsa .pub拷贝到容器里
[root@localhost ~] # docker cp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub aea267757cc9:/root/.ssh/
然后到容器里将id_rsa.pub拷贝为authorized_keys [root@aea267757cc9 /] # cd ~
[root@aea267757cc9 ~] # cd .ssh/
[root@aea267757cc9 . ssh ] # cp id_rsa.pub authorized_keys
接着提交为新镜像 [root@localhost ~] # docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES aea267757cc9 centos7:7.3.1611 "/sbin/init" About an hour ago Up 38 minutes admiring_hodgkin
fc726a6a27d2 centos "/bin/bash" 3 months ago Up 3 months 0.0.0.0:32772->80 /tcp web1
9d99c7b9451b centos "/bin/bash" 3 months ago Up 3 months 0.0.0.0:32769->8080 /tcp web3
[root@localhost ~] # docker stop aea267757cc9
aea267757cc9 [root@localhost ~] # docker commit aea267757cc9 hahassh
sha256:906bf1bd2a156b1222def7d3d21fbc2cd7e963fc923f5a6da92e6b45954688d9 [root@localhost ~] # setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~] # docker run -d -p 220:22 hahassh /usr/sbin/sshd -D
8b9c153463c73122cfd787a27190a8665f54fe77fa51601d521baab5a9234f2e 最后尝试 ssh 方式连接容器,发现可以无密码登陆了~
[root@localhost ~] # ssh -p220 root@localhost
Last login: Mon Mar 13 10:03:54 2017 |
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当登陆到容器后,可以查看下容器ip
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第一种方式: [root@localhost ~] # docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES b220fabf815a wangssh "/usr/sbin/sshd -D" 6 hours ago Up About an hour 0.0.0.0:20020->22 /tcp gigantic_goldwasser
fc726a6a27d2 980e0e4c79ec "/bin/bash" 3 months ago Up About an hour 0.0.0.0:32768->80 /tcp web1
9d99c7b9451b 980e0e4c79ec "/bin/bash" 3 months ago Up About an hour 0.0.0.0:32769->8080 /tcp web3
[root@localhost ~] # docker inspect b220fabf815a |grep IPAddress
"SecondaryIPAddresses" : null,
"IPAddress" : "172.17.0.2" ,
"IPAddress" : "172.17.0.2" ,
第二种方式: [root@localhost ~] # docker inspect --format='{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}' b220fabf815a
172.17.0.2 第三种方式: 登陆到容器里使用“yum install net-tools”,安装后就可以使用 ifconfig 命令查看ip了
当知道了容器的ip后,就可以使用 ssh 直接连接容器的22端口即可!
[root@localhost ~] # ssh 172.17.0.2
root@172.17.0.2's password: Last login: Tue Mar 14 09:11:27 2017 from 172.17.0.1 [root@b220fabf815a ~] #
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