execute typical instruction

执行基本指令

1/1,000,000,000 sec = 1 nanosec

fetch from L1 cache memory

从一级缓存中读取数据

0. 5 nanosec

branch misprediction

分支误预测

5 nanosec

fetch from L2 cache memory

从二级缓存获取数据

7 nanosec

Mutex lock/unlock

互斥加锁/解锁

25 nanosec

fetch from main memory

从主内存获取数据

100 nanosec

send 2K bytes over 1Gbps network

通过 1G bps 的网络发送 2K 字节

20,000 nanosec

read 1MB sequentially from memory

从内存中顺序读取 1MB 数据

250,000 nanosec

fetch from new disk location (seek)

从新的磁盘位置获取数据（随机读取）

8,000,000 nanosec

read 1MB sequentially from disk

从磁盘中顺序读取 1MB 数据

20,000,000 nanosec

send packet US to Europe and back

从美国发送一个报文包到欧洲再返回

150 milliseconds = 150,000,000 nanosec