Linux环境下搭建javaweb服务器所需的工具的安装步骤及相关操作命令

更新时间：2022-08-22 19:03:19

Linux运维工具安装：

安装lrzsz

 wget http://www.ohse.de/uwe/releases/lrzsz-0.12.20.tar.gz #下载lrzsz安装包
 tar zxvf lrzsz-0.12.20.tar.gz && cd lrzsz-0.12.20 #解压并切换到lrzsz-0.12.20目录下面
 ./configure && make && make install #编译安装
 cd /usr/bin
 下面创建软链接，并命名为rz/sz：
 ln -s /usr/local/bin/lrz rz
 ln -s /usr/local/bin/lsz sz

yum命令安装
yum -y install lrzsz
使用：
　　sz -y 下载
　　rz -y 上传

安装JDK

 解压： tar -zxvf jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz
 修改环境变量：vim /etc/profile
 export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131
 export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
 export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib:$CLASSPATH
 export JAVA_PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${JRE_HOME}/bin
 export PATH=$PATH:${JAVA_PATH}
 让/etc/profile文件生效：source /etc/profile
 测试：java -version

安装nginx

 gcc 安装：yum install gcc-c++
 PCRE pcre-devel 安装：yum install -y pcre pcre-devel
 zlib 安装：yum install -y zlib zlib-devel
 OpenSSL 安装：yum install -y openssl openssl-devel
 安装wget：yum install wget（有，则忽略）
 wget -c https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
 解压：tar -zxvf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
 cd nginx-1.12.0
 ./configure \
 --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
 --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf \
 --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.pid \
 --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \
 --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
 --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
 --with-http_gzip_static_module \
 --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/client \
 --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/proxy \
 --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/fastcgi \
 --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/uwsgi \
 --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/scgi
 编译安装：make & make install
 启动、停止nginx：
 cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
 ./nginx
 ./nginx -s stop
 ./nginx -s quit
 ./nginx -s reload

 启动时报80端口被占用:
解决办法：1、安装net-tool 包：yum install net-tools

 查询nginx进程：ps aux|grep nginx

安装tomcat

 解压：tar -xzvf apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M9.tar.gz
 配置环境变量：
 export TOMCAT_HOME=/home/soft/tomcat9
 export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/bin

安装redis

 解压：tar -zxvf redis-5.0.7.tar.gz
 cd redis-5.0.7
 make
 cd src && make install
 启动redies: service redis start
 停止redies: service redis stop
 查看redies状态：service redis status
 查看进程：ps -ef | grep redis
 设置redis为开机自动启动：chkconfig redis on

 进入本机redis：redis-cli
 列出所有key：keys *

 编辑redies.conf文件
 vim /etc/redis.conf
port 6379 //设置端口号
repuirepass zkfr2017 //设置密码
//运行远程连接
注释bind 127.0.0.1
protected-mode no

 service redis_6379 start
 ./redis-server /home/server/redis-5.0.5/redis.conf //使用配置文件启动
redis-5.0.5/src/ redis-server redis-cli
 使用端口登录：redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379
 停止redies: shutdown
 查看进程：ps -ef | grep redis

1、检测是否有安装redis-cli和redis-server;
[root@localhost bin]# whereis redis-cli
redis-cli: /usr/bin/redis-cli

[root@localhost bin]# whereis redis-server
redis-server: /usr/bin/redis-server

安装ffmpeg

 http://ffmpeg.org/ 官网
 tar -xjvf ffmpeg-3.3.1.tar.bz2
 cd ffmpeg-3.3.1/
 ./configure --enable-shared --prefix=/monchickey/ffmpeg
 make
 make install
 查看版本：cd bin
 ./ffmpeg -version

安装mysql

 按照依赖关系依次安装rpm包依赖关系依次为common→libs→client→server
rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -qpl mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

 上面各个包安装完毕后，在 /etc/下生成 my.cnf 文件和 my.cnf.d 文件夹
 在/var/lib/下生成三个文件夹：mysql、mysql-file、mysql-keyring
 在/var/log/ 下生成 mysqld.log 文件
 在/var/run/ 下生成 mysqld 目录

 systemctl start mysqld.service 启动mysql
 systemctl status mysqld.service 查看mysql状态
 systemctl stop mysqld.service 关闭mysql

 查看mysql进程 ps -ef|grep mysql
 查看3306端口 netstat -anop|grep 3306

 grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log 查看安装root密码
 修改密码：mysql -uroot –p 命令使用随机密码登录mysql
 set password for root@localhost=password('ZkFr@2017');

 设置root用户权限,允许mysql远程连接
 mysql> use mysql ;
 mysql> select user,host from user;
 mysql> show grants;
 mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';
 mysql> flush privileges;刷新权限

 修改数据文件路径
 mv /var/lib/mysql /mnt/
 ln -s /mnt/mysql /var/lib/mysql
 vim /etc/my.cnf
 datadir=/mnt/mysql
 socket=/mnt/mysql/mysql.sock

 修改mysql.cnf文件：
~#~ For advice on how to change settings please see

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[client]
default_character_set = utf8mb4

[mysql]
default_character_set = utf8mb4

[mysqld]
port=3308
character_set_client_handshake = FALSE
character_set_server = utf8mb4
collation_server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'

wait_timeout=2880000
interactive_timeout = 2880000
max_allowed_packet = 100M

Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data

cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging

changes to the binary log between backups.

log_bin

Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.

The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.

Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.

join_buffer_size = 128M

sort_buffer_size = 2M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION

Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks

symbolic-links=0

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

 查看mysql端口号：netstat -anop|grep 3306

 登录mysql：mysql -uroot –p
 mysql> show global variables like ‘port’;


阿里云安装：
 执行如下命令，更新YUM源。
 rpm -Uvh http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm
 2. 执行如下命令，安装MySQL：yum -y install mysql-community-server –nogpgcheck
 查看MySQL版本号：mysql –V
 启动MySQL服务：systemctl start mysqld
 设置MySQL服务开机自启动：systemctl enable mysqld
 查看/var/log/mysqld.log文件，获取root用户的初始密码。
 grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
 使用root用户登录数据库：mysql -uroot –p
 修改MySQL的root用户的初始密码：
 set global validate_password_policy=0; #修改密码安全策略为低（只校验密码长度，至少8位）。
 ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';
 授予root用户远程管理权限：
 GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';
 test 的数据库备份到当前目录的 test.sql：mysqldump -uroot -p test >test.sql
 test.sql 导入数据库：mysql -uroot -p -Dtest<test.sql
 还有一种导入方法：输入命令：mysql -uroot -p12345678 ，进入 MySQL 数据库。输入 use test; ，连接数据库 test ，输入 source /root/test.sql; ，将 test.sql 导入数据库 test ，全部出现 Query OK ，则表示数据库导入成功

下载并安装MySQL官方的Yum Repository：

rpm -e mariadb-libs --nodeps

yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/mysql/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-common-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/mysql/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-libs-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/mysql/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/mysql/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-client-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/mysql/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-server-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

MySQL安全性配置。
执行如下命令，对MySQL进行安全性配置:mysql_secure_installation

安装mqtt

 wget https://www.emqx.io/downloads/broker/v3.2.1/emqx-centos7-v3.2.1.zip
 启动命令：./bin/emqx start
 关闭命令：./bin/emqx stop
 控制台调试模式启动，检查 EMQ 是否可正常启动
 ./bin/emqttd console
 http://127.0.0.1:18083 默认的用户名/密码为admin/public
 修改默认配置端口
 配置文件为/emqtt/etc/emq.conf
 1.修改mqtt External TCP端口，该端口默认为1883，为mqtt主要连接端口
 2.修改mqtt Internal TCP端口，该端口默认为11883
 3.修改mqtt External SSL端口，该端口默认为8883
 4.修改mqtt WebSocket 端口，
 5.修改mqtt WebSocket SSL端口配置文件为/emqtt/etc/emq.conf
 6.修改mqtt API 端口配置文件为/emqtt/etc/emq.conf

 配置文件为/emqtt/etc/plugins/emq_dashboard.conf
 修改mqtt Dashboard 管理控制台端口

安装zookeeper

 wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/zookeeper/stable/apache-zookeeper-3.5.8-bin.tar.gz
 tar -zxcf /home/install/apache-zookeeper-3.5.8-bin.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
 mv /usr/local/apache-zookeeper-3.5.8-bin /usr/local/zookeeper
 拷贝样本配置为主配置
 进入配置目录，赋值拷贝样本文件
 cd /usr/local/zookeeper/conf/
 cp zoo_sample.cfg zoo.cfg

 创建数据存储目录与日志目录
 mkdir /usr/local/zookeeper/dataDir
 mkdir /usr/local/zookeeper/dataLogDir

 修改数据存储和日志目录
 vim /usr/local/zookeeper/conf/zoo.cfg

配置zookeeper环境变量
 vim /etc/profile
 ZOOKEEPER_HOME=/usr/local/zookeeper
 PATH=$PATH:$ZOOKEEPER_HOME/bin
 export PATH ZOOKEEPER_HOME PATH
 source /etc/profile

 启动：/usr/local/zookeeper/bin/zkServer.sh start
 连接：/usr/local/zookeeper/bin/zkCli.sh

开机启动：
 （1）编辑zookeeper.service文件：vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/zookeeper.service
[Unit]
Description=zookeeper
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/zookeeper/bin/zkServer.sh start
ExecReload=/usr/local/zookeeper/bin/zkServer.sh restart
ExecStop=/usr/local/zookeeper/bin/zkServer.sh stop
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
 （2）zookeeper.service文件生效：systemctl daemon-reload
 （3）设置开机启动：systemctl enabled zookeeper.service
 （4）启动：systemctl start zookeeper.service
 （5）关闭：systemctl stop zookeeper.service
 （6）重启：systemctl restart zookeeper.service
 （7）查看是否开机启动：systemctl is-enabled zookeeper.service
 （8）systemctl取消开机启动redis：systemctl disable zookeeper.service

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