对于案例1:

INSERT INTO TAB_STUDENT(name_student, id_teacher_fk)
SELECT 'Joe The Student', id_teacher
  FROM TAB_TEACHER
 WHERE name_teacher = 'Professor Jack'
 LIMIT 1

对于case2，您只需要执行2条单独的插入语句

For case2 you just have to do 2 separate insert statements