对任两酉阵 $U,V$, 有 $$\bex \sen{A}_F=\sen{UAV}_F. \eex$$

事实上, $$\beex \bea \sen{UAV}_F^2&=\tr(V^*A^*U^*\cdot UAV)\\ &=\tr (V^*A^*AV)\\ &=\tr(AVV^*A^*)\quad\sex{\tr(AB)=\tr(BA)}\\ &=\tr(AA^*)\\ &=\tr(A^*A)\\ &=\sen{A}_F^2. \eea \eeex$$