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浅谈JAVA设计模式之——享元模式(Flyweight)

更新时间:2022-09-07 18:12:40

一、概述

运用共享技术有效地支持大量细粒度的对象。

二、适用性

当都具备下列情况时,使用Flyweight模式:

  • 一个应用程序使用了大量的对象。
  • 完全由于使用大量的对象,造成很大的存储开销。
  • 对象的大多数状态都可变为外部状态。
  • 如果删除对象的外部状态,那么可以用相对较少的共享对象取代很多组对象。
  • 应用程序不依赖于对象标识。由于Flyweight对象可以被共享,对于概念上明显有别的对象,标识测试将返回真值。

三、参与者

  • Flyweight 描述一个接口,通过这个接口flyweight可以接受并作用于外部状态。
  • ConcreteFlyweight 实现Flyweight接口,并为内部状态(如果有的话)增加存储空间。ConcreteFlyweight对象必须是可共享的。它所存储的状态必须是内部的;即,它必须独立于ConcreteFlyweight对象的场景。
  • UnsharedConcreteFlyweight 并非所有的Flyweight子类都需要被共享。Flyweight接口使共享成为可能,但它并不强制共享。在Flyweight对象结构的某些层次,UnsharedConcreteFlyweight对象通常将ConcreteFlyweight对象作为子节点。
  • FlyweightFactory 创建并管理flyweight对象。确保合理地共享flyweight。当用户请求一个flyweight时,FlyweightFactory对象提供一个已创建的实例或者创建一个(如果不存在的话)。

四、类图

浅谈JAVA设计模式之——享元模式(Flyweight)

五、示例

  • Flyweight
package com.lyz.design.flyweight;
/**
 * Flyweight
 * @author binghe
 *
 */
public interface Flyweight {
    void action(int arg);
}


  • ConcreteFlyweight
package com.lyz.design.flyweight;
/**
 * ConcreteFlyweight 
 * @author binghe
 *
 */
public class FlyweightImpl implements Flyweight {
    public void action(int arg) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("参数值: " + arg);
    }
}


  • FlyweightFactory
package com.lyz.design.flyweight;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
 * FlyweightFactory
 * @author binghe
 *
 */
public class FlyweightFactory {
    private static Map flyweights = new HashMap();
    public FlyweightFactory(String arg) {
        flyweights.put(arg, new FlyweightImpl());
    }
    public static Flyweight getFlyweight(String key) {
        if (flyweights.get(key) == null) {
            flyweights.put(key, new FlyweightImpl());
        }
        return (Flyweight) flyweights.get(key);
    }
    public static int getSize() {
        return flyweights.size();
    }
}


  • Test
package com.lyz.design.flyweight;
/**
 * Test 
 * @author binghe
 */
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        Flyweight fly1 = FlyweightFactory.getFlyweight("a");
        fly1.action(1);
        Flyweight fly2 = FlyweightFactory.getFlyweight("a");
        System.out.println(fly1 == fly2);
        Flyweight fly3 = FlyweightFactory.getFlyweight("b");
        fly3.action(2);
        Flyweight fly4 = FlyweightFactory.getFlyweight("c");
        fly4.action(3);
        Flyweight fly5 = FlyweightFactory.getFlyweight("d");
        fly4.action(4);
        System.out.println(FlyweightFactory.getSize());
    }
}