二、基于恢复目录的备份     

 

    1.查看相关信息

        RMAN> list incarnation;

 

        List of Database Incarnations

        DB Key  Inc Key DB Name  DB ID            STATUS  Reset SCN  Reset Time

        ------- ------- -------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------

        1       8       ORCL     1260850162       PARENT  1          30-JUN-05

        1       2       ORCL     1260850162       CURRENT 446075     22-OCT-10

 

        ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

        RMAN> crosscheck copy;         --校验copy

        RMAN> delete expired copy;     --删除过期的copy

 

    2.全备

        RMAN> run{

        2> allocate channel ch1 device type disk;

        3>  backup as compressed backupset

        4> database plus archivelog delete input

        5> format='/u01/app/oracle/bk/rmbk/Whole_%d_%U'

        6>  tag='Whole_bak';

        7> release channel ch1;}

 

    3.增量备份(0级)

        RMAN> run{

        2> allocate channel ch1 device type disk;

        3> allocate channel ch2 device type disk;

        4> backup as compressed backupset

        5> incremental level 0

        6> database plus archivelog delete input

        7> format='/u01/app/oracle/bk/rmbk/Inc_0_%d_%U'

        8> tag='Inc_0';

        9> release channel ch1;

        10> release channel ch2;}  

 

        RMAN> list backup summary;

 

    4.增量备份(1级)

        RMAN> run{                                 

        2> allocate channel ch1 device type disk;

        3> allocate channel ch2 device type disk;

        4> backup as compressed backupset

        5> incremental level 1 database

        6> format='/u01/app/oracle/bk/rmbk/Inc_1_%d_%U'

        7> tag='Inc_1';

        8> release channel ch1;

        9> release channel ch2;}

 

        RMAN> list backup by file;

 

    5.累计增量备份(1级)

        RMAN> run{

        2> allocate channel ch1 device type disk;

        3> backup as compressed backupset

        4> incremental level 1 cumulative database

        5> format '/u01/app/oracle/bk/rmbk/Cum_1_%d_%U'

        6> tag='Cum_1';

        7> release channel ch1;}

 

    6.备份表空间

        RMAN> run{

        2> allocate channel ch1 device type disk;

        3> backup as compressed backupset

        4> tablespace users,example

        5> format='/u01/app/oracle/bk/rmbk/tbs_%d_%U'

        6> tag='tbs';

 

        RMAN> list backupset tag=tbs;

 

    7.备份数据文件

        RMAN> run{

        2> allocate channel ch1 device type disk;

        3> backup as compressed backupset

        4> datafile 3

        5> format='/u01/app/oracle/bk/rmbk/df_%d_%U'

        6> tag='df';

        7> release channel ch1;}

 

    8.备份归档日志

        备份归档日志前，建议先使用crosscheck校验一下

        crosscheck通常用于检查备份是否被删除，如果删除将会打上删除标签

        RMAN> crosscheck archivelog all;

 

        allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

        channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=148 devtype=DISK

        validation succeeded for archived log

        archive log filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/arch/log_1_117_733069427.arc recid=111 stamp=733171369

        Crosschecked 1 objects

 

        RMAN> sql 'alter system switch logfile';

 

        sql statement: alter system switch logfile

 

        RMAN> sql 'alter system switch logfile';

 

        sql statement: alter system switch logfile

 

        RMAN> list archivelog all;

 

        List of Archived Log Copies

        Key     Thrd Seq     S Low Time  Name

        ------- ---- ------- - --------- ----

        465     1    117     A 22-OCT-10 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/arch/log_1_117_733069427.arc

        553     1    118     A 23-OCT-10 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/arch/log_1_118_733069427.arc

        569     1    119     A 23-OCT-10 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/arch/log_1_119_733069427.arc

                                                                                                               

    9.基于SCN来备份归档日志

        RMAN> run{

        2> allocate channel ch1 device type disk;

        3> backup as compressed backupset

        4> archivelog from scn 848043

        5> format='/u01/app/oracle/bk/rmbk/arc_%d_%U'

        6> tag='arc';

        7> release channel ch1;

        8> }

 

    10.镜像备份

        RMAN> run{

        2> allocate channel ch1 device type disk;

        3> backup as copy datafile 1,4

        4> format '/u01/app/oracle/bk/rmbk/df_%d_%U'

        5> tag 'copybak';

        6> release channel ch1;}

   

    11.其它

        RMAN> crosscheck backupset;

 

        RMAN> change backupset 1

 

        RMAN> validate backupset

 

        RMAN> validate backupset 635;

   

    12.基于catalog的数据库恢复请参考：基于catalog 的RMAN 备份与恢复