更新时间:2022-09-16 16:49:53
ansible变量的使用方法
1.主机变量:直接在/etc/ansible/hosts文件中,主机的后边设置key=value的格式
注:inventory_hostname是ansible自带的变量,代表组中的每个主机
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#在配置文件中定义主机变量 [root@nfs-server playbook] # cat /etc/ansible/hosts
[webservers] 192.168.2.101 key=101 192.168.2.111 key=111 #写playbook,测试主机变量 [root@nfs-server playbook] # cat hosts_vars.yml
--- - hosts: webservers remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: 显示主机变量
debug: msg= "The server ip is {{ inventory_hostname }},The key is {{ key }}"
#执行playbook,查看主机变量是否正常显示 [root@nfs-server playbook] # ansible-playbook hosts_vars.yml
PLAY [webservers] ************************************************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************************************************************************* ok: [192.168.2.111] ok: [192.168.2.101] TASK [显示主机变量] ************************************************************************************************************************************ ok: [192.168.2.101] => { "msg" : "The server ip is 192.168.2.101,The key is 101"
} ok: [192.168.2.111] => { "msg" : "The server ip is 192.168.2.111,The key is 111"
} PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************************************* 192.168.2.101 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 192.168.2.111 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 |
2.主机组变量
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#在配置文件中定义主机组变量 [root@nfs-server playbook] # cat /etc/ansible/hosts
[webservers] 192.168.2.101 192.168.2.111 [webservers:vars] ansiber_version=2.3 key=nginx #写playbook,测试主机组变量 [root@nfs-server playbook] # cat hosts_group_vars.yml
--- - hosts: webservers remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: "显示主机组变量"
debug: msg= "The server ip is {{ inventory_hostname }},The key is {{ key }}"
#执行playbook,查看主机组变量是否正常显示 [root@nfs-server playbook] # ansible-playbook hosts_group_vars.yml
PLAY [webservers] ************************************************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************************************************************************* ok: [192.168.2.111] ok: [192.168.2.101] TASK [显示主机组变量] ***************************************************************************************************************************************** ok: [192.168.2.101] => { "msg" : "The server ip is 192.168.2.101,The key is nginx"
} ok: [192.168.2.111] => { "msg" : "The server ip is 192.168.2.111,The key is nginx"
} PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************************************* 192.168.2.101 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 192.168.2.111 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 |
3.通过/etc/ansible下的文件定义主机以及主机组变量
主机变量目录:host_vars(注:需要在此目录下为每个主机创建一个文件,在此文件中定义变量)
组变量目录:group_vars(注:需要在此目录下创建一个以主机组名命名的文件,在此文件中定义变量)
注:以上两个目录均不存在,需要自己手动创建;mkdir /etc/ansible/{host_vars,group_vars}
注:当需要为所有主机或者所有主机组创建一样的变量时,在host_vars和group_vars目录下,创建all文件并写入变量即可~
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#在配置文件中定义主机组变量 [root@nfs-server playbook] # cat /etc/ansible/hosts
[webservers] 192.168.2.101 192.168.2.111 #在host_vars目录下创建以主机名为名字的文件,并在此文件中配置变量,变量格式为: key: value [root@nfs-server ansible] # head host_vars/*
==> host_vars /192 .168.2.101 <==
key: 101 ==> host_vars /192 .168.2.111 <==
key: 111 #在group_vars目录创建以主机组为名字的文件,并在此文件中配置变量,变量格式为:key: value [root@nfs-server ansible] # head group_vars/*
name: nginx #测试主机变量:利用上面写的主机变量playbook进行测试 [root@nfs-server playbook] # ansible-playbook hosts_vars.yml
PLAY [webservers] ************************************************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************************************************************************* ok: [192.168.2.111] ok: [192.168.2.101] TASK [显示主机变量和主机组变量] ************************************************************************************************************************************ ok: [192.168.2.101] => { "msg" : "The server ip is 192.168.2.101,The key is 101"
} ok: [192.168.2.111] => { "msg" : "The server ip is 192.168.2.111,The key is 111"
} PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************************************* 192.168.2.101 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 192.168.2.111 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 #测试主机组变量:利用上面写的主机组变量playbook进行测试(把key名字改为了name) [root@nfs-server playbook] # ansible-playbook hosts_group_vars.yml
PLAY [webservers] ************************************************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************************************************************************* ok: [192.168.2.101] ok: [192.168.2.111] TASK [显示主机组变量] ***************************************************************************************************************************************** ok: [192.168.2.101] => { "msg" : "The server ip is 192.168.2.101,The application is nginx"
} ok: [192.168.2.111] => { "msg" : "The server ip is 192.168.2.111,The application is nginx"
} PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************************************* 192.168.2.101 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 192.168.2.111 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 |
4.通过命令行传入变量,或者变量文件
-e,--extra-vars:此参数表示从命令行传入变量
-e "key=value":直接传递变量的格式
-e "@vars.yml":传递变量文件的格式
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#在playbook中引用一个key为YOURNAME,此key通过命令行传入 [root@nfs-server playbook] # cat hosts_vars.yml
--- - hosts: webservers remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: 显示主机变量和主机组变量
debug: msg= "The server ip is {{ inventory_hostname }},The key is {{ YOURNAME }}"
[root@nfs-server playbook] # ansible-playbook hosts_vars.yml -e "YOURNAME=liuzhengwei"
PLAY [webservers] ************************************************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************************************************************************* ok: [192.168.2.101] ok: [192.168.2.111] TASK [显示主机变量和主机组变量] ************************************************************************************************************************************ ok: [192.168.2.101] => { "msg" : "The server ip is 192.168.2.101,The key is liuzhengwei"
} ok: [192.168.2.111] => { "msg" : "The server ip is 192.168.2.111,The key is liuzhengwei"
} PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************************************* 192.168.2.101 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 192.168.2.111 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 #在playbook中引用一个key为YOURNAME,此key通过提前定义的变量文件传入 #下面文件为变量文件 [root@nfs-server playbook] # cat vars/vars.yml
abc: LIUZHENGWEI #通过命令行将此变量文件传入 [root@nfs-server playbook] # ansible-playbook hosts_vars.yml -e "@vars/vars.yml"
PLAY [webservers] ************************************************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************************************************************************* ok: [192.168.2.111] ok: [192.168.2.101] TASK [显示主机变量和主机组变量] ************************************************************************************************************************************ ok: [192.168.2.101] => { "msg" : "The server ip is 192.168.2.101,The key is LIUZHENGWEI"
} ok: [192.168.2.111] => { "msg" : "The server ip is 192.168.2.111,The key is LIUZHENGWEI"
} PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************************************* 192.168.2.101 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 192.168.2.111 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 |
5.在playbook文件中定义变量:格式为key: value
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#在playbook文件中定义变量abc [root@nfs-server playbook] # cat hosts_vars.yml
--- - hosts: webservers remote_user: root
vars:
abc: liuzhengwei
tasks:
- name: 显示主机变量和主机组变量
debug: msg= "The server ip is {{ inventory_hostname }},The key is {{ abc }}"
#执行playbook测试变量是否生效 [root@nfs-server playbook] # ansible-playbook hosts_vars.yml
PLAY [webservers] ************************************************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************************************************************************* ok: [192.168.2.111] ok: [192.168.2.101] TASK [显示主机变量和主机组变量] ************************************************************************************************************************************ ok: [192.168.2.101] => { "msg" : "The server ip is 192.168.2.101,The key is liuzhengwei"
} ok: [192.168.2.111] => { "msg" : "The server ip is 192.168.2.111,The key is liuzhengwei"
} PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************************************* 192.168.2.101 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 192.168.2.111 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 |
6.在playbook文件中引用定义了变量的文件:vars_files
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#在playbook文件中引用定义了变量的文件vars/vars.yml [root@nfs-server playbook] # cat vars/vars.yml
abc: LIUZHENGWEI [root@nfs-server playbook] # cat hosts_vars.yml
--- - hosts: webservers remote_user: root
vars_files:
- vars /vars .yml
tasks:
- name: 显示主机变量和主机组变量
debug: msg= "The server ip is {{ inventory_hostname }},The key is {{ abc }}"
#执行playbook测试变量是否生效 [root@nfs-server playbook] # ansible-playbook hosts_vars.yml
PLAY [webservers] ************************************************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************************************************************************* ok: [192.168.2.101] ok: [192.168.2.111] TASK [显示主机变量和主机组变量] ************************************************************************************************************************************ ok: [192.168.2.101] => { "msg" : "The server ip is 192.168.2.101,The key is LIUZHENGWEI"
} ok: [192.168.2.111] => { "msg" : "The server ip is 192.168.2.111,The key is LIUZHENGWEI"
} PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************************************* 192.168.2.101 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 192.168.2.111 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 |
7.使用register内的变量
ansible playbook内task之间可以互相传递变量,比如我们总共有2个tasks,其中第2个task是否执行需要判断第一个task运行后的结果,这个时候我们就得在task之间传递数据,需要把第一个task执行的结果传递给第2个task.Ansible task之间传递数据使用register方式。
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#注:这是第1个task把执行hostname的结果register给info这个变量 [root@nfs-server playbook] # cat register_var.yml
--- - hosts: webservers remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: register variables
shell: hostname
register: info
- name: display variables
#debug: msg="The variable is {{ info['stdout'] }}"
debug: msg= "The variable is {{ info.stdout }}"
#注:register返回结果是字典的方式,所以用info.stdout或info['stdout']的方式返回结果 [root@nfs-server playbook] # ansible-playbook register_var.yml
PLAY [webservers] ************************************************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************************************************************************* ok: [192.168.2.101] ok: [192.168.2.111] TASK [register variables] ****************************************************************************************************************************** changed: [192.168.2.101] changed: [192.168.2.111] TASK [display variables] ******************************************************************************************************************************* ok: [192.168.2.101] => { "msg" : "The variable is lamp1"
} ok: [192.168.2.111] => { "msg" : "The variable is lamp2"
} PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************************************* 192.168.2.101 : ok=3 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 192.168.2.111 : ok=3 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 |
8.使用vars_prompt传入变量(vars_prompt是以交互式的方式给定义好的参数传入变量值)
注:交互式传入的变量值可以是加密的也可以是不加密的,用private进行定义
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#交互式输入变量值,传递给tasks,private=no表示输入的变量值不加密,private=yes表示加密 [root@nfs-server playbook] # cat vars_prompt.yml
--- - hosts: all remote_user: root
vars_prompt:
- name: "one"
prompt: "please input one value"
private: no
- name: "two"
prompt: "please input two value"
private: yes
tasks:
- name: display one value
debug: msg= "one value is {{ one }}"
- name: display two value
debug: msg= "two value is {{ two }}"
[root@nfs-server playbook] # ansible-playbook vars_prompt.yml
please input one value: Liu Zhengwei please input two value: PLAY [webservers] ************************************************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************************************************************************* ok: [192.168.2.101] ok: [192.168.2.111] TASK [display one value] ******************************************************************************************************************************* ok: [192.168.2.101] => { "msg" : "one value is Liu Zhengwei"
} ok: [192.168.2.111] => { "msg" : "one value is Liu Zhengwei"
} TASK [display two value] ******************************************************************************************************************************* ok: [192.168.2.101] => { "msg" : "two value is age is 28"
} ok: [192.168.2.111] => { "msg" : "two value is age is 28"
} PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************************************* 192.168.2.101 : ok=3 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 192.168.2.111 : ok=3 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 本文转自激情燃烧的岁月博客51CTO博客,原文链接http://blog.51cto.com/liuzhengwei521/1962244如需转载请自行联系原作者 weilovepan520 |