更新时间:2022-09-20 23:35:20
13.1、数据备份
数据备份:目的用于恢复;必须对备份数据做恢复测试。
备份类型:
热备份:在线备份,读、写不受影响; 温备份:仅可以执行读操作; 冷备份:离线备份;读、写操作均中止; |
物理备份和逻辑备份:
物理备份:复制数据文件;速度快 逻辑备份:将数据导出至文本文件中;速度慢、丢失浮点数精度,需要重建索引;方便使用文本处理工具直接对其处理、可移植能力强。 |
完全备份、增量备份和差异备份;
完全备份:备份全部数据; 差异备份:仅备份上次完全备份以来变化的数据; 增量备份:仅备份上次完全备份或增量备份以后变化的数据; |
备份策略:选择备份方式;选择备份时间;考虑到恢复成本(恢复时长);备份成本(锁时间、备份时长、备份负载)
备份对象:数据、配置文件代码(存储过程,存储函数,触发器)、OS相关的配置文件,如crontab配置计划及相关的脚本。
mysql备份工具:
mysqldump: 逻辑备份工具、MyISAM(温)、InnoDB(热备份) mysqldumper: 多线程的mysqldump,很难实现差异或增量备份; mysqlhotcopy:物理备份工具、几乎冷备;仅适用于MyISAM存储引擎 lvm-snapshot: 接近于热备的工具:因为要先请求全局锁,而后创建快照,并在创建快照完成后释放全局锁;备份和恢复速度较快;很难实现增量备份,并且请求全局需要等待一段时间。数据文件和事务日志要在同一个逻辑卷上。 |
使用mysqldump命令备份
MySQLdump是MySQL提供的一个非常有用的数据备份工具。MySQLdump命令执行时,可以将数据库备份成一个文本文件,该文件中实际上包含了多个CREATE和INSERT语句,使用这些语句可以重新创建表和插入数据。
MySQLdump备份数据库语句的基本语法格式为:
1
|
mysqldump -u user -h host -p password dbname [tbname,[ tbname...]] >filename.sql |
备份单个数据库中的所有表
使用mysqldump命令备份数据库所有表
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
|
#创建样例数据库 mysql> CREATE DATABASE booksDB;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> USE booksDB Database changed
mysql> CREATE TABLE books
-> (
-> bk_id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY ,
-> bk_title VARCHAR (50) NOT NULL ,
-> copyright YEAR NOT NULL
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO books
-> VALUES (11078, 'Learning MySQL' , 2010),
-> (11033, 'Study Html' , 2011),
-> (11035, 'How to use php' , 2003),
-> (11072, 'Teach youself javascript' , 2005),
-> (11028, 'Learing C++' , 2005),
-> (11069, 'MySQL professional' , 2009),
-> (11026, 'Guide to MySQL 5.5' , 2008),
-> (11041, 'Inside VC++' , 2011);
Query OK, 8 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 8 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> CREATE TABLE authors
-> (
-> auth_id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY ,
-> auth_name VARCHAR (20),
-> auth_gender CHAR (1)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO authors
-> VALUES (1001, 'WriterX' , 'f' ),
-> (1002, 'WriterA' , 'f' ),
-> (1003, 'WriterB' , 'm' ),
-> (1004, 'WriterC' , 'f' ),
-> (1011, 'WriterD' , 'f' ),
-> (1012, 'WriterE' , 'm' ),
-> (1013, 'WriterF' , 'm' ),
-> (1014, 'WriterG' , 'f' ),
-> (1015, 'WriterH' , 'f' );
Query OK, 9 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 9 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> CREATE TABLE authorbook
-> (
-> auth_id INT NOT NULL ,
-> bk_id INT NOT NULL ,
-> PRIMARY KEY (auth_id, bk_id),
-> FOREIGN KEY (auth_id) REFERENCES authors (auth_id),
-> FOREIGN KEY (bk_id) REFERENCES books (bk_id)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO authorbook
-> VALUES (1001, 11033), (1002, 11035), (1003, 11072), (1004, 11028),
-> (1011, 11078), (1012, 11026), (1012, 11041), (1014, 11069);
Query OK, 8 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 8 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 |
完成数据插入后,输入备份命令:
1
2
|
[root@mylinux ~]# mysqldump -u root -p booksDB > books.sql Enter password :
|
备份完成后的文件大致内容为:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
|
[root@mylinux ~]# cat books.sql -- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.5.56, for Linux (x86_64) -- -- Host: localhost Database: booksDB -- ------------------------------------------------------ -- Server version 5.5.56-log /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE= '+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE= 'NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
-- -- Table structure for table `authorbook` -- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `authorbook`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `authorbook` (
`auth_id` int (11) NOT NULL ,
`bk_id` int (11) NOT NULL ,
PRIMARY KEY (`auth_id`,`bk_id`),
KEY `bk_id` (`bk_id`),
CONSTRAINT `authorbook_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`auth_id`) REFERENCES `authors` (`auth_id`),
CONSTRAINT `authorbook_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`bk_id`) REFERENCES `books` (`bk_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
... |
可以发现,备份文件包含一些信息,文件开头首先声明了备份文件使用的mysqldump版本号;然后是备份账号的名称和主机信息,以及备份的数据库的名称,最后是MySQL服务器的版本号。
备份文件接下来的部分是一些SET语句,这些语句将一些系统变量值赋值给用户定义变量,以确保被恢复的数据库的系统变量和原来备份时的变量相同。
备份文件中的'--'开头的是注释语句,以'/*!'开头,以'*/'结尾的语句为可执行的mysql注释,这些语句可以被MySQL执行。
备份数据库中的某个表
备份booksDB数据库中的books表
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
|
[root@mylinux ~] # mysqldump -u root -p booksDB books > books_20170810.sql
Enter password: [root@mylinux ~] # cat books_20170810.sql
-- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.5.56, for Linux (x86_64)
-- -- Host: localhost Database: booksDB -- ------------------------------------------------------ -- Server version 5.5.56-log /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */; /*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */; /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE= '+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */; /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE= 'NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */; -- -- Table structure for table `books`
-- |
备份多个数据库
使用mysqldump备份booksDB和test数据库
1
2
3
|
[root@mylinux ~] # mysqldump -u root -p --databases booksDB test> books_testDB_20170710.sq
l Enter password: |
使用mysqldump备份服务器中的所有数据库
1
2
|
[root@mylinux ~] # mysqldump -u root -p --all-databases > alldbinMySQL.sql
Enter password: |
mysqldump还有一些其他选型可以用来指定备份过程,常用选项有:
–all-databases , -A –all-tablespaces , -Y –no-tablespaces , -y –add-drop-database –add-drop-table –add-locks –comments –compact –complete-insert, -c –compress, -C在客户端和服务器之间启用压缩传递所有信息mysqldump -uroot -p –all-databases –compress –databases, -B –debug –debug-info –default-character-set –delayed-insert –events, -E –flush-logs –flush-privileges –force –host, -h –ignore-table –lock-all-tables, -x –lock-tables, -l –no-create-db, -n –no-create-info, -t只导出数据,而不添加CREATE TABLE 语句 –no-data, -d –password, -p –port, -P –user, -u
|
使用mysqlhotcopy工具快速备份
MySQLhotcopy是一个Perl脚本。它使用LOCK TABLES、FLUSH TABLES和cp或scp来快速备份数据库。它是备份数据库后单个表的最快的途径,但是只能运行在数据库目录所在的机器上,并且只能备份MyISAM类型的表,其语法格式为:
1
|
mysqlhotcopy db_name_1,...db_name_n /[ath/ to new_directory
|
使用mysqlhotcopy备份test数据库到/usr/backup目录下
1
|
mysqlhotcopy -u root -p test /usr/backup |
13.2、数据恢复
使用MySQL命令恢复
对于已经备份的包含CREATE 、INSERT语句的文本,可以使用MySQL命令导入到数据库中。MySQL命令直接执行文件汇总的这些语句,其语法为:
1
|
mysql -u user -p [dbname] <filename.sql
|
将books.sql文件中的备份导入到数据库中
1
|
mysql -u root-p booksDB < books.sql |
执行该语句前,必须先在MySQL服务器中创建booksDB数据库,如果不存在恢复过程将会出错。如果已经登录MySQL服务器,可以使用source命令导入SQL文件,语法格式为:
1
|
source filename |
使用root用户登录到服务器,然后使用souce导入本地的备份文件books.sql
1
2
|
use booksdb; source books.sql; |
使用mysqlhotcopy快速恢复
MySQLhotcopy备份后的文件可以用来恢复数据库,在MySQL服务器停止运行时,将备份的数据库文件复制到MySQL存放数据的位置,重启MySQL服务器即可。如果以根用户执行该操作,必须指定数据库文件的所有者,输入语句为:
1
|
chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql/dbname |
从mysqlhotcopy拷贝的备份恢复数据库
1
|
cp –R /usr/backup/test usr/ local /mysql/data
|
执行该语句,重启服务器,MySQL将恢复到备份状态。
13.3、表的导入和导出
使用SELECT...INTO OUTFILE导出文本文件
MySQL数据库导出数据时,允许使用包含导出定义的SELECT语句进行数据的到处操作。该文件被创建到服务器主机上,因此必须拥有文件写入权限,才能使用此语法。SELECT..INTO OUTFILE语句基本格式为:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
SELECT columnlist FROM table WHERE condition INTO OUTFILE 'file_name' [OPTIONS]
--OPTIONS 选项
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ‘value’
FIELDS [OPTIONALLY] ENCLOSED BY 'value'
FIELDS ESCAPED BY 'value'
LINES STARTING BY 'value'
LINES TERMINATED BY 'value'
|
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ‘value’:设置字段间的分隔符 FIELDS [OPTIONALLY] ENCLOSED BY 'value':设置字段的包围符,只能为单个字符 FIELDS ESCAPED BY 'value':设置如何写入或读取特殊字符,只能为单个字符 LINES STARTING BY 'value':设置每行数据开头的字符 LINES TERMINATED BY 'value':设置每行数据结尾的字符 |
FIELDS和LINES两个子句自选,如果都被指定,FIELDS必须位于LINES的前面。
SELECT..INTO OUTFILE语句可以快速地把一个表转储到服务器上。如果想要在服务器主机之外的部分客户主机上创建结果文件。不能使用SELECT..INTO OUTFILE。应该在主机上使用比如'mysql -e 'SELECT...' > fine_name'的命,来生成文件。
使用SELECT...INTO OUTFILE将test数据库中的books表中的记录导出到文本文件
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
|
mysql> SELECT * FROM booksDB.books INTO OUTFILE "/tmp/book0.txt" ;
ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --secure-file-priv option so it cannot execute this statement
mysql> mysql> show global variables like '%secure%' ;
+ ------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value | + ------------------+-------+
| secure_auth | OFF |
| secure_file_priv | NULL |
+ ------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@mylinux ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf 添加 secure_file_priv=/tmp/
[root@mylinux ~]# service mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! [root@mylinux ~]# [root@mylinux ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password :
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.56-log Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and / or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and / or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show global variables like '%secure%' ;
+ ------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value | + ------------------+-------+
| secure_auth | OFF |
| secure_file_priv | /tmp/ | + ------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT * FROM booksDB.books INTO OUTFILE "/tmp/book0.txt" ;
Query OK, 8 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[root@mylinux tmp]# cat book0.txt 11026 Guide to MySQL 5.5 2008
11028 Learing C++ 2005 11033 Study Html 2011 11035 How to use php 2003
11041 Inside VC++ 2011 11069 MySQL professional 2009 11072 Teach youself javascript 2005 11078 Learning MySQL 2010 |
使用SELECT...INTO OUTFILE将booksDB数据库中的books表中的记录导出到文本文件,使用FIELDS选项和LINES选项,要求字段之间使用逗号‘,’间隔,所有字段值用双引号括起来,定义转义字符定义为单引号‘\’’
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
|
mysql> SELECT * FROM booksDB.books INTO OUTFILE "/tmp/book1.txt"
-> FIELDS
-> TERMINATED BY ','
-> ENCLOSED BY '\"'
-> ESCAPED BY '\''
-> LINES
-> TERMINATED BY '\r\n' ;
Query OK, 8 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[root@mylinux tmp]# cat book1.txt "11026 "," Guide to MySQL 5.5 "," 2008 "
" 11028 "," Learing C++ "," 2005 "
" 11033 "," Study Html "," 2011 "
" 11035 "," How to use php "," 2003 "
" 11041 "," Inside VC++ "," 2011 "
" 11069 "," MySQL professional "," 2009 "
" 11072 "," Teach youself javascript "," 2005 "
" 11078 "," Learning MySQL "," 2010"
|
使用SELECT...INTO OUTFILE将booksDB数据库中的books表中的记录导出到文本文件,使用LINES选项,要求每行记录以字符串“> ”开始,以“<end>”字符串结尾
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
|
mysql> SELECT * FROM booksDB.books INTO OUTFILE "/tmp/book2.txt"
-> LINES
-> STARTING BY '> '
-> TERMINATED BY '<end>\r\n' ;
Query OK, 8 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[root@mylinux tmp]# cat book2.txt > 11026 Guide to MySQL 5.5 2008< end >
> 11028 Learing C++ 2005< end >
> 11033 Study Html 2011< end >
> 11035 How to use php 2003< end >
> 11041 Inside VC++ 2011< end >
> 11069 MySQL professional 2009< end >
> 11072 Teach youself javascript 2005< end >
> 11078 Learning MySQL 2010< end >
|
使用mysqldump导出文本文件
mysqldump创建一个包含创建表的CREATE TABLE语句的tablename.sql文件和一个包含其数据的tablename.txt文件,其导出文本文件的基本语法为:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
mysqldump -T path -u root -p dbname [tables] [options] #指定T才可以导出纯文本文件
--options 选项 --fields-terninated-by=value --fields-enclosed-by=value --fields-optionally-by=value --fields-escaped-by=value --lines-terninated-by=value |
使用mysqldump将booksDB数据库中的books表中的记录导出到文本文件
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
|
[root@mylinux ~] # mysqldump -T /tmp -u root -p booksDB books
Enter password: [root@mylinux ~] # cd /tmp
[root@mylinux tmp] # ls
agent_cmd.sock book1.txt books.sql dir person0.txt
book0.txt book2.txt books.txt fstab [root@mylinux tmp] # cat books.sql
-- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.5.56, for Linux (x86_64)
-- -- Host: localhost Database: booksDB -- ------------------------------------------------------ -- Server version 5.5.56-log /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */; /*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */; /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE= '+00:00' */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE= '' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */; -- -- Table structure for table `books`
-- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `books`; /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */; CREATE TABLE `books` ( `bk_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`bk_title` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`copyright` year(4) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`bk_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */; /*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */; /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */; -- Dump completed on 2017-08-11 17:51:06 [root@mylinux tmp] # cat books.txt
11026 Guide to MySQL 5.5 2008 11028 Learing C++ 2005 11033 Study Html 2011 11035 How to use php 2003 11041 Inside VC++ 2011 11069 MySQL professional 2009 11072 Teach youself javascript 2005 11078 Learning MySQL 2010 |
使用mysqldump命令将test数据库中的person表中的记录导出到文本文件,使用FIELDS选项,要求字段之间使用逗号‘,’间隔,所有字符类型字段值用双引号括起来,定义转义字符定义为问号‘?’,每行记录以回车换行符“\r\n”结尾
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
|
[root@mylinux tmp] # mysqldump -T /tmp -u root -p booksDB books --fields-terminated-by=, -
-fields-optionally-enclosed-by=\" --fields-escaped-by=? --lines-terminated-by=\r\n Enter password: [root@mylinux tmp] # ls
agent_cmd.sock book1.txt books.sql dir person0.txt
book0.txt book2.txt books.txt fstab [root@mylinux tmp] # cat book.txt
cat : book.txt: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@mylinux tmp] # cat books.txt
11026, "Guide to MySQL 5.5" ,2008
11028, "Lea?ring C++" ,2005
11033, "Study Html" ,2011
11035, "How to use php" ,2003
11041, "Inside VC++" ,2011
11069, "MySQL p?rofessional" ,2009
11072, "Teach youself javasc?ript" ,2005
11078, "Lea?rning MySQL" ,2010
[root@mylinux tmp] #
|
使用mysql命令导出文本文件
如果MySQL服务器是单独的机器,用户是在一个client上进行操作,用户要把数据结果导入到client机器上,可以使用mysql -e语句,其语法格式为:
1
|
mysql -u root -p --execute= "SELECT 语句" dbname >filename.txt
|
使用mysql语句导出booksDB数据库中books表中的记录到文本文件
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
|
[root@mylinux tmp] # mysql -u root -p --execute="SELECT * FROM books;" booksDB > /tmp/books
4.txt Enter password: [root@mylinux tmp] # cat books4.txt
bk_id bk_title copyright 11026 Guide to MySQL 5.5 2008 11028 Learing C++ 2005 11033 Study Html 2011 11035 How to use php 2003 11041 Inside VC++ 2011 11069 MySQL professional 2009 11072 Teach youself javascript 2005 11078 Learning MySQL 2010 |
使用mysql命令导出booksDB数据库中books表中的记录到文本文件,使用--vertical参数显示结果
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
|
[root@mylinux tmp] # mysql -u root -p --vertical --execute="SELECT * FROM books;" booksDB >
/tmp/books5 .txt
Enter password: [root@mylinux tmp] # cat books5.txt
*************************** 1. row *************************** bk_id: 11026
bk_title: Guide to MySQL 5.5
copyright: 2008 *************************** 2. row *************************** bk_id: 11028
bk_title: Learing C++
copyright: 2005 *************************** 3. row *************************** bk_id: 11033
bk_title: Study Html
copyright: 2011 *************************** 4. row *************************** bk_id: 11035
bk_title: How to use php
copyright: 2003 *************************** 5. row *************************** bk_id: 11041
bk_title: Inside VC++
copyright: 2011 *************************** 6. row *************************** bk_id: 11069
bk_title: MySQL professional
copyright: 2009 *************************** 7. row *************************** bk_id: 11072
bk_title: Teach youself javascript
copyright: 2005 *************************** 8. row *************************** bk_id: 11078
bk_title: Learning MySQL
copyright: 2010 |
使用LOAD DATA INFILE导入文本文件
LOAD DATA语句基本格式为:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
LOAD DATA INFILE 'filename.txt' INTO TABLE tablename [OPTIONS] [ IGNORE number LINES]
--OPTIONS 选项
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ‘value’
FIELDS [OPTIONALLY] ENCLOSED BY 'value'
FIELDS ESCAPED BY 'value'
LINES STARTING BY 'value'
LINES TERMINATED BY 'value'
|
使用LOAD DATA命令将/tmp/books0.txt文件中的数据导入到booksDB数据库中的books表
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
|
mysql> USE booksDB; Database changed
mysql> DELETE FROM books;
Query OK, 8 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE '/tmp/book0.txt' INTO TABLE booksDB.books;
Query OK, 8 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 8 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> SELECT * FROM books;
+ -------+--------------------------+-----------+
| bk_id | bk_title | copyright | + -------+--------------------------+-----------+
| 11026 | Guide to MySQL 5.5 | 2008 |
| 11028 | Learing C++ | 2005 | | 11033 | Study Html | 2011 | | 11035 | How to use php | 2003 |
| 11041 | Inside VC++ | 2011 | | 11069 | MySQL professional | 2009 | | 11072 | Teach youself javascript | 2005 | | 11078 | Learning MySQL | 2010 | + -------+--------------------------+-----------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
|
使用mysqlimport导入文本文件
使用MySQLimport可以导入文本文件,并不需要登录MySQL客户端,其命令的基本语法格式为:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
mysqlimport -u root -p dbname filename.txt [options] --options 选项 --fields-terninated-by=value --fields-enclosed-by=value --fields-optionally-by=value --fields-escaped-by=value --lines-terninated-by=value |
使用mysqlimport命令将/tmp目录下的books.txt文件内容导入到booksDB数据库中,字段之间使用逗号‘,’间隔,字符类型字段值用双引号括起来,定义转义字符定义为问号‘?’,每行记录以回车换行符“\r\n”结尾
1
|
mysqlimport -u root -p booksDB /tmp/books .txt --fields-terminated-by=, --fields-optionally-enclosed-by=\" --fields-escaped-by=? --lines-terminated-by=\r\n
|
本文转自 梦想成大牛 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/yinsuifeng/1955548,如需转载请自行联系原作者