分享程序员开发的那些事...
更新时间：2022-09-21 09:32:46
一、创建一个VotingSystem项目以及polls应用
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$ django-admin.py startproject VotingSystem
$ cd VotingSystem$ python3 manage.py startapp polls |
注：如果使用Pycharm来创建的话，以上两步都可以省略
二、配置tempaltes路径（如果没有）
a. 先在VotingSystem项目目录下新建一个templates文件夹，注意文件夹权限和属组
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$ sudo mkdir templates |
b. 然后再setting.py文件中添加路径
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TEMPLATES = [
{
...
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
...
},
] |
三、将应用名称添加到setting.py文件INSTALLED_APPS选项末尾（如果没有）
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INSTALLED_APPS = [
...'polls',
] |
注：以上两步如果用Pycharm都可以一步到位
四、编辑polls/model.py，创建数据库模型
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from django.db import models
# 问题class Question(models.Model):
question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
# 双引号中定义的是在admin页面显示的verbose_name
pub_date = models.DateTimeField("date published")
def __str__(self):
return self.question_text
# 问题选项class Choice(models.Model):
question = models.ForeignKey("Question")
choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)
def __str__(self):
return self.choice_text
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五、同步数据库，生成数据库表（这里使用的是默认的sqlite3）
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$ python3 manage.py makemigrations$ python3 manage.py migrate |
六、生成admin管理账户
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$ python3 manage.py createsuperuser |
七、将model注册到admin中
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from django.contrib import admin
from .models import *
class ChoiceInline(admin.TabularInline):
model = Choice
extra = 3 # 在admin页面显示额外三个空白表单
class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
fieldsets = [
(None, {'fields': ['question_text']}),
('Date information', {'fields': ['pub_date'], 'classes': ['collapse']}),
]
inlines = [ChoiceInline,] # 在admin页面显示内联
list_display = ('question_text', 'pub_date')
admin.site.register(Question, QuestionAdmin)admin.site.register(Choice) |
八、启动server，进入admin页面，创建一些问题和选项
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$ python3 manage.py runserver |
九、编辑VotingSystem/urls.py，使用路由分发和命名空间
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from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^polls/', include("polls.urls", namespace="polls")),
] |
十、编辑polls/urls.py
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from django.conf.urls import url
from polls import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$', views.index, name="index"),
url(r'^(?P<question_id>[0-9]+)/$', views.detail, name="detail"),
url(r'^(?P<question_id>[0-9]+)/results/$', views.results, name="results"),
url(r'^(?P<question_id>[0-9]+)/vote/$', views.vote, name="vote"),
] |
十一、编辑polls/views.py视图文件
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from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404, HttpResponseRedirect, reverse, redirect
from .models import *
# 首页，展示所有问题def index(req):
lastest_question_list = Question.objects.all()
return render(req, "polls/index.html", locals())
# 展示单个问题的所有选项def detail(req, question_id):
question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
return render(req, "polls/detail.html", locals())
# 查看投票结果， def results(req, question_id):
question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
return render(req, "polls/results.html", locals())
# 选择投票，设置cookie验证def vote(req, question_id):
p = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
if req.COOKIES.get("is_vote", None):
return render(req, "polls/detail.html", {"question": p, "error_message": "你已经投过票了!"})
try:
selected_choice = p.choice_set.get(pk=req.POST['choice'])
except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):
return render(req, "polls/detail.html", {"question": p, "error_message": "You did't select a choice"})
else:
selected_choice.votes += 1 selected_choice.save()
rep = redirect(reverse("polls:results", args=(p.id,)))
rep.set_cookie("is_vote", True)
return rep
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十二、在templates目录下创建polls目录，在polls目录下创建index.html detail.html results.html三个HTML文件
index.html:
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
{% if lastest_question_list %} <ul>
{% for question in lastest_question_list %}
<li><a href="{% url 'polls:detail' question.id %}">{{ question.question_text }}</a></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% else %} <p>No polls are avaiable.</p>
{% endif %}</body>
</html>
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detail.html:
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1>
{% if error_message %} <p><strong>{{ error_message }}</strong></p>
{% endif %}<form action="{% url 'polls:vote' question.id %}" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}
<input type="radio" name="choice" id="choice{{ forloop.counter }}" value="{{ choice.id }}"/>
<label for="choice{{ forloop.counter }}">{{ choice.choice_text }}</label><br/>
{% endfor %}
<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
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results.html:
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1>
<ul>
{% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}
<li>
{{ choice.choice_text }} --> {{ choice.votes }} vote{{ choice.votes|pluralize }}
</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
<a href="{% url 'polls:detail' question.id %}">再次投票</a>
<a href="{% url 'polls:index' %}">返回首页</a>
</body>
</html>
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十三、至此我们所有配置都已经配置完毕了，马上运行server，进行访问吧
http://127.0.0.1:8000/polls/
十四、githup源码地址: https://github.com/daibaiyang119/VotingSystem
本文转自戴柏阳的博客博客51CTO博客，原文链接http://blog.51cto.com/daibaiyang119/1971005如需转载请自行联系原作者
daibaiyang119
