更新时间:2022-09-26 18:28:16
1. 背景
* MySQL数据库的集中化运维,可以通过在一台服务器上,部署运行多个MySQL服务进程,通过不同的socket监听不同的服务端口来提供各自的服务。各个实例之间是相互独立的,每个实例的datadir, port, socket, pid都是不同的。
* 网上多实例一般通过实例版本相同实现,此次以不同版本来实现多实例部署(5.5、5.6、5.7)。
2. 多实例特点
* 有效利用服务器资源,当单个服务器资源有剩余时,可以充分利用剩余的资源提供更多的服务。
* 资源互相抢占问题,当某个服务实例服务并发很高时或者开启慢查询时,会消耗更多的内存、CPU、磁盘IO资源,导致服务器上的其他实例提供服务的质量下降。
3. 环境 [ 关闭SeLinux ]
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[root@MySQL ~] # cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.9 (Final) [root@MySQL ~] # uname -r
2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64 [root@MySQL ~] # getenforce
Disabled |
4. MySQL 二进制包准备
* 下载官方5.5二进制安装包
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[root@MySQL ~] # wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.57-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
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* 下载官方5.6二进制安装包
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[root@MySQL ~] # wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
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* 下载官方5.7二进制安装包
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[root@MySQL ~] # wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
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5. mysql 版本初始化并统一修改密码
* 创建 MySQL 用户
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[root@MySQL ~] # useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql
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* 创建MySQL数据目录
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[root@MySQL ~] # mkdir -vp /data/mysql_data_{5..7}
mkdir : created directory ` /data '
mkdir : created directory ` /data/mysql_data_5 '
mkdir : created directory ` /data/mysql_data_6 '
mkdir : created directory ` /data/mysql_data_7 '
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* 修改MySQL 数据目录所属用户与所属组
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[root@MySQL ~] # chown mysql.mysql -R /data/mysql_data_*
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* 解压MySQL 各版本至 /usr/local 目录
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[root@MySQL ~] # tar zxf mysql-5.5.57-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@MySQL ~] # tar zxf mysql-5.6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@MySQL ~] # tar xf mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar -C /usr/local/
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* MySQL 5.5 初始化
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[root@MySQL ~] # chown mysql.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql-5.5.57-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
[root@MySQL ~] # /usr/local/mysql-5.5.57-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data_5 --basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.5.57-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
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* MySQL 5.5 修改密码
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[root@MySQL ~] # /usr/local/mysql-5.5.57-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql_data_5 &
[root@MySQL ~] # /usr/local/mysql-5.5.57-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.57 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and /or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and /or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set password = password( '123' );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye [root@MySQL ~] # killall mysqld
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* MySQL 5.6 初始化
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[root@MySQL ~] # chown mysql.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql-5.6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
[root@MySQL ~] # /usr/local/mysql-5.6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data_6 --basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
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* MySQL 5.6修改密码
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[root@MySQL ~] # /usr/local/mysql-5.6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql_data_6 &
[root@MySQL ~] # /usr/local/mysql-5.6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.37 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and /or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and /or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set password = password( '123' );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye [root@MySQL ~] # killall mysqld
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* MySQL 5.7 初始化 [ 注意初始化提示的随机密码 ]
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[root@MySQL ~] # mkdir /usr/local/mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/mysql-files
[root@MySQL ~] # chown root.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
[root@MySQL ~] # chown mysql.mysql -R /data/mysql_data_7 /usr/local/mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/mysql-files
[root@MySQL ~] # /usr/local/mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data_7 --basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
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* MySQL 5.7修改密码
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[root@MySQL ~] # /usr/local/mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql_data_7 &
[root@MySQL ~] # /usr/local/mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysql -p'INoGk(hoj9>/'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.18 Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and /or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and /or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set password = '123' ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye [root@MySQL ~] # killall mysqld
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6. 多版本部署
* 编辑/etc/my.cnf
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[client] # 设置登陆用户 user = root # 设置登陆用户密码 password = 123 [mysqld] # mysql 运行用户 user = mysql # 设置 mysql 监听 IP 地址 bind_address = 0.0.0.0 # 关闭 DNS 反解析 skip-name-resolve = 0 # 关闭监听 performance_schema = off # 设置buffer pool 大小 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M # 设置错误日志文件名 log_error = error.log [mysqld_multi] # 设置multi 日志 log = /tmp/mysql_multi .log
[mysqld5] # 设置实例所在目录 basedir = /usr/local/mysql-5 .5.57-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
# 设置mysql 运行程序所在路径 mysqld = /usr/local/mysql-5 .5.57-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /bin/mysqld
# 设置mysql 管理运行程序所在路径 mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql-5 .5.57-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /bin/mysqladmin
# 设置实例数据目录 -- 多实例中一定要不同 datadir = /data/mysql_data_5
# 设置socket 文件路径 -- 多实例中一定要不同 socket = /tmp/mysql .sock5
# 设置实例监听端口 -- 多实例中一定要不同 port = 3305 [mysqld6] basedir = /usr/local/mysql-5 .6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql-5 .6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /bin/mysqld
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql-5 .6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /bin/mysqladmin
datadir = /data/mysql_data_6
socket = /tmp/mysql .sock6
port = 3306 [mysqld7] basedir = /usr/local/mysql-5 .7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
datadir = /data/mysql_data_7
socket = /tmp/mysql .sock7
port = 3307 |
* 从随意版本二进制包中support-files目录下复制mysqld_multi.server启动脚本至 /etc/init.d/
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[root@MySQL ~] # cp /usr/local/mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/support-files/mysqld_multi.server /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi
[root@MySQL ~] # chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi
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* 随意版本创始软链接,并设置环境变量
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[root@MySQL ~] # ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
[root@MySQL ~] # export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
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7. 测试
* 查看多实例状态
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[root@MySQL ~] # /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi report
Reporting MySQL servers MySQL server from group: mysqld5 is not running MySQL server from group: mysqld6 is not running MySQL server from group: mysqld7 is not running |
* 启动多实例 [ 需等候几秒 ]
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[root@MySQL ~] # /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi start
[root@MySQL ~] # /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi report
Reporting MySQL servers MySQL server from group: mysqld5 is running MySQL server from group: mysqld6 is running MySQL server from group: mysqld7 is running [root@MySQL ~] # netstat -lntp | grep mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3305 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 43750 /mysqld tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 43753 /mysqld tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3307 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 43756 /mysqld
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* 分别连接实例
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[root@MySQL ~] # mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock5
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and /or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and /or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> quit Bye [root@MySQL ~] # mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock6
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and /or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and /or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> quit Bye [root@MySQL ~] # mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock7
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and /or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and /or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> quit Bye |
* 停止多实例
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[root@MySQL ~] # /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi stop
[root@MySQL ~] # /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi report
Reporting MySQL servers MySQL server from group: mysqld5 is not running MySQL server from group: mysqld6 is not running MySQL server from group: mysqld7 is not running |
8. 总结
以需求驱动技术,技术本身没有优略之分,只有业务之分。
本文转自asd1123509133 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/lisea/1948537,如需转载请自行联系原作者