分享程序员开发的那些事...
更新时间：2022-10-05 12:31:16
一、参数配置
13、https协议的实现
实现https之前需要先了解openssl；需要实现CA机制。openssl详情请参考Openssl、加密、解密和私有CA的实现过程；
SSL握手要完成的工作：
交换协议版本号
选择双方都支持的加密方式
对两端实现身份验证
密钥交换
https是二进制格式的协议，监听与tcp:443端口。SSL会话是基于IP地址进行；不支持在基于FQDN的虚拟主机上实现。
下面直接来配置https：
CA这里直接使用的一台机器当CA和客户端；
创建CA和客户端证书签署
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#创建CA；详细过程就不贴了；以下是步骤[Linux85]#cd /etc/pki/CA/
[Linux85]#(umask 077;openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048)
[Linux85]#openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 365
[Linux85]#touch index.txt serial crlnumber
[Linux85]#echo 00 > serial
#生成客户端证书以及CA签署；CA与客户端都是同一台机器；也可以分为两台[Linux85]#mkdir /etc/httpd/ssl
[Linux85]#cd /etc/httpd/ssl
[Linux85]#(umake 077;openssl genrsa -out httpd.key 1024)
[Linux85]#openssl req -new -key httpd.key -out httpd.csr
[Linux85]#openssl ca -in httpd.csr -out httpd.crt -days 365
#结束后把CA证书安装到windows中 |
安装mod_ssl模块和更改主配置文件实现支持ssl协议：
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[Linux85]#yum -y install mod_ssl
[Linux85]#rpm -ql mod_ssl
/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_ssl.so
/var/cache/mod_ssl
/var/cache/mod_ssl/scache.dir
/var/cache/mod_ssl/scache.pag
/var/cache/mod_ssl/scache.sem
[Linux85]#
#配置[Linux85]#vim ssl.conf
#定位ServerName;开启下面两项# General setup for the virtual host, inherited from global configurationDocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
ServerName www.soul.org:443
#下面两项关于密钥和证书文件的路径# Server Certificate:# Point SSLCertificateFile at a PEM encoded certificate. If# the certificate is encrypted, then you will be prompted for a# pass phrase. Note that a kill -HUP will prompt again. A new# certificate can be generated using the genkey(1) command.SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.crt
# Server Private Key:# If the key is not combined with the certificate, use this# directive to point at the key file. Keep in mind that if# you've both a RSA and a DSA private key you can configure# both in parallel (to also allow the use of DSA ciphers, etc.)SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key
[Linux85]#service httpd start
[Linux85]#ss -tunl | grep 443
tcp LISTEN 0 128 :::443 :::* #查看443端口以正常启动 |
提供主页文件
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[Linux85]#vim /var/www/html/index.html
This is https test page!
#把CA证书安装至windows中 |
测试访问正常；https协议正常使用。
14、配置httpd的status页面
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[Linux85]#httpd -M | grep status
#下述这个模块如存在即可配置 status_module (shared)
Syntax OK[Linux85]#
[Linux85]#vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
#定位status；找到如下项开启# Allow server status reports generated by mod_status,# with the URL of http://servername/server-status# Change the ".example.com" to match your domain to enable.#<Location /server-status>
SetHandler server-status
AuthType Basic #为了确保安装；这里做了认证
AuthName "server status" AuthUserFile "/etc/httpd/conf/.htpasswd"
Require valid-user
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from 172.16.254.28 #限定只能改IP访问该页面
</Location>
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测试访问需要验证；并且可以显示详细的httpd服务器信息。
15、利用mod_deflate模块压缩页面优化传输速度
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[Linux85]#httpd -M | grep deflate
deflate_module (shared)
Syntax OK[Linux85]#
##主配置文件内没有定义；这里自己新建配置文件[Linux85]#vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/deflate.conf
SetOutputFilter DEFLATE AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/plain
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/xhtml+xml
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/xml
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/xml
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-javascript
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/javascript
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/css
# Level of compression (Highest 9 - Lowest 1)DeflateCompressionLevel 9
# Netscape 4.x has some problems.BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4 gzip-only-text/html
# Netscape 4.06-4.08 have some more problemsBrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4\.0[678] no-gzip
# MSIE masquerades as Netscape, but it is fineBrowserMatch \bMSI[E] !no-gzip !gzip-only-text/html
[Linux85]#service httpd restart
Stopping httpd: [ OK ]Starting httpd: [ OK ][Linux85]#
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测试成功。该功能并不是所有状态都适合；需要合理的判断。
二、httpd-2.4的编译安装
由于这篇一直未完成；后续的博客都以完成；且其中以含有2.4版本的编译安装。这里就不再赘述了。连接：Linux下编译安装LAMP并分离为多台服务器。
