如果您不介意围绕框架进行黑客攻击，并且您可以合理地假设应用程序正在运行的 .net 框架版本(即它是 Web 应用程序或Intranet 应用程序)然后你可以尝试这样的事情:

If you don't mind hacking around the framework and you can reasonably assume the .net framework version the application is running on (i.e. it's a web application or an intranet application) then you could try something like this:

using System;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Configuration.Internal;
using System.Reflection;

static class ConfigOverrideTest
{
  sealed class ConfigProxy:IInternalConfigSystem
  {
    readonly IInternalConfigSystem baseconf;

    public ConfigProxy(IInternalConfigSystem baseconf)
    {
      this.baseconf = baseconf;
    }

    object appsettings;
    public object GetSection(string configKey)
    {
      if(configKey == "appSettings" && this.appsettings != null) return this.appsettings;
      object o = baseconf.GetSection(configKey);
      if(configKey == "appSettings" && o is NameValueCollection)
      {
        // create a new collection because the underlying collection is read-only
        var cfg = new NameValueCollection((NameValueCollection)o);
        // add or replace your settings
        cfg["test"] = "Hello world";
        o = this.appsettings = cfg;
      }
      return o;
    }

    public void RefreshConfig(string sectionName)
    {
      if(sectionName == "appSettings") appsettings = null;
      baseconf.RefreshConfig(sectionName);
    }

    public bool SupportsUserConfig
    {
      get { return baseconf.SupportsUserConfig; }
    }
  }

  static void Main()
  {
    // initialize the ConfigurationManager
    object o = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings;
    // hack your proxy IInternalConfigSystem into the ConfigurationManager
    FieldInfo s_configSystem = typeof(ConfigurationManager).GetField("s_configSystem", BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.NonPublic);
    s_configSystem.SetValue(null, new ConfigProxy((IInternalConfigSystem)s_configSystem.GetValue(null)));
    // test it
    Console.WriteLine(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["test"] == "Hello world" ? "Success!" : "Failure!");
  }
}