我的解决方案是创建一个自定义角色提供程序.这是我采取的步骤，以防万一其他人以后需要帮助:

My solution was to create a custom role provider. Here are the steps I took, in case anyone else needs help later:

创建自定义用户和角色类

using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
namespace Security.Models.Security
{
    public class AppRole : IdentityRole
    {
    }
}

和

using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
namespace Security.Models.Security
{
    public class AppUser : IdentityUser
    {
    }
}

设置数据库上下文

using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework;
using Security.Models.Security;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;

namespace Security.Models.DAL
{
    public class UserContext : IdentityDbContext<AppUser>
    {
        public UserContext() : base("UserContext")
        {
            Database.SetInitializer<UserContext>(new CreateDatabaseIfNotExists<UserContext>());
        }
    }
}

创建您的角色提供程序并实现以下方法

using Security.Models.DAL;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;

namespace Security.Models.Security
{
    public class AppRoleProvider : RoleProvider
    {
        public override string[] GetAllRoles()
        {
            using (var userContext = new UserContext())
            {
                return userContext.Roles.Select(r => r.Name).ToArray();
            }
        }

        public override string[] GetRolesForUser(string username)
        {
            using (var userContext = new UserContext())
            {
                var user = userContext.Users.SingleOrDefault(u => u.UserName == username);
                var userRoles = userContext.Roles.Select(r => r.Name);

                if (user == null)
                    return new string[] { };
                return user.Roles == null ? new string[] { } :
                    userRoles.ToArray();
            }
        }

        public override bool IsUserInRole(string username, string roleName)
        {
            using (var userContext = new UserContext())
            {
                var user = userContext.Users.SingleOrDefault(u => u.UserName == username);
                var userRoles = userContext.Roles.Select(r => r.Name);

                if (user == null)
                    return false;
                return user.Roles != null &&
                    userRoles.Any(r => r == roleName);
            }
        }
    }
}

编辑您的web.config以设置数据库连接和角色提供者参考

<connectionStrings>
    <add name="UserContext" connectionString="Data Source=(LocalDb)\MSSQLLocalDB;AttachDbFilename=|DataDirectory|\UserContext.mdf;Initial Catalog=UserContext;Integrated Security=SSPI;" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
</connectionStrings>

和

<system.web>
    ...
    <authentication mode="Windows" />        
    <roleManager enabled="true" defaultProvider="AppRoleProvider">
      <providers>
        <clear/>
        <add name="AppRoleProvider" type="Security.Models.Security.AppRoleProvider" connectionStringName = "UserContext"/>
      </providers>
      ...
    </roleManager>
  </system.web>

在程序包管理器控制台中，启用迁移

enable-migrations

在新创建的Configurations.cs中，设置用户/角色存储和管理器，并将用户管理器验证器配置为接受'\'字符

namespace Security.Migrations
{
    using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity;
    using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework;
    using Security.Models.Security;
    using System;
    using System.Data.Entity;
    using System.Data.Entity.Migrations;
    using System.Linq;

    internal sealed class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration<Security.Models.DAL.UserContext>
    {
        public Configuration()
        {
            AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true;
            ContextKey = "Security.Models.DAL.UserContext";
        }

        protected override void Seed(Security.Models.DAL.UserContext db)
        {
            // Set up the role store and the role manager
            var roleStore = new RoleStore<AppRole>(db);
            var roleManager = new RoleManager<AppRole>(roleStore);

            // Set up the user store and the user mananger
            var userStore = new UserStore<AppUser>(db);
            var userManager = new UserManager<AppUser>(userStore);

            // Ensure that the user manager is able to accept special characters for userNames (e.g. '\' in the 'DOMAIN\username')            
            userManager.UserValidator = new UserValidator<AppUser>(userManager) { AllowOnlyAlphanumericUserNames = false };

            // Seed the database with the administrator role if it does not already exist
            if (!db.Roles.Any(r => r.Name == "Administrator"))
            {
                var role = new AppRole { Name = "Administrator" };
                roleManager.Create(role);
            }

            // Seed the database with the administrator user if it does not already exist
            if (!db.Users.Any(u => u.UserName == @"DOMAIN\admin"))
            {
                var user = new AppUser { UserName = @"DOMAIN\admin" };
                userManager.Create(user);
                // Assign the administrator role to this user
                userManager.AddToRole(user.Id, "Administrator");
            }
        }
    }
}

在程序包管理器控制台中，确保已创建数据库并设置了种子

update-database

创建自定义授权属性，该属性将在失败时重定向到拒绝访问页面

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace Security.Models.Security
{
    public class AccessDeniedAuthorizationAttribute : AuthorizeAttribute
    {
        public override void OnAuthorization(AuthorizationContext filterContext)
        {
            base.OnAuthorization(filterContext);

            if(filterContext.Result is HttpUnauthorizedResult)
            {
                filterContext.Result = new RedirectResult("~/Home/AccessDenied");
            }
        }
    }
}

您完成了！现在，您可以创建一个拒绝访问页面(在本例中为〜/Home/AccessDenied)，并将该属性应用于任何操作，例如

using Security.Models.Security;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace Security.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
         ...    

        [AccessDeniedAuthorizationAttribute(Roles = "Administrator")]
        public ActionResult SecureArea()
        {
            return View();
        }

        public ActionResult AccessDenied()
        {
            return View();
        }

        ...
    }
}

希望这对以后的人有帮助.祝你好运！

Hope this helps someone in the future. Good luck!