这是您要找的吗?

df %>% dplyr::mutate_at(vars(contains('_dups_hash_ing')), ~ ifelse(. > 1, ., 0)) %>% head
#> # A tibble: 6 x 6
#> # Groups:   a [2]
#>   a     b                  c     a_dups_hash_ing b_dups_hash_ing c_dups_hash_ing
#>   <fct> <fct>              <fct>           <dbl>           <int>           <int>
#> 1 si    -2.7322195229558   d                   0              30               3
#> 2 no    -0.09979058844189… e                   0              30               3
#> 3 si    0.976031734922396  f                   0              30               3
#> 4 no    0.413868915451097  d                   0              30               3
#> 5 si    0.912322161610113  e                   0              30               3
#> 6 no    1.98373220068438   f                   0              30               3