这应该有效：

df %>%
  group_by(gene, gene_name, source, chromosome) %>%
  summarise(details = paste(details, collapse = " | "))

我在虹膜上运行以下内容，得到的结果与您所描述的相似

I ran the below on iris and got a result similar to as you described

iris %>%
  group_by(Sepal.Length, Sepal.Width, Petal.Length, Species) %>%
  summarise(Petal.Width = paste(Petal.Width, collapse = " | "))